Abstract
In the following years smart cities are to play a fundamental role in the models of economic development. The cities that used to be just a place to live in are becoming areas that have to be adapted to the needs of their residents, and can guarantee them a better life quality, but always from a responsible position. The United Nations (UN) said repeatedly that in 2050 a 70 % of the world population would live in cities and some of them would have more than ten millions of residents. The purpose of this chapter is to make an approximation to the smart cities concept and to deepen into the application and the results of this kind of models of the urban development. The methodology is based on a theoretical–practical analysis of the smart cities. For this purpose an exhaustive analysis of the most recent economic literature on this topic has been done. Moreover, some of the most important results of this new model of the urban development have been indicated, so they can be applied to the problems that some cities have, and a case study has been done as well.
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Notes
- 1.
See “Hoja de datos sobre las ciudades” published in the Conference of the United Nations on Sustainable Development Rio+20 (2012).
- 2.
It means to take an advantage of the ICT to interconnect and control all the services provided through centralized management and to reduce their costs due to the synergies between all the municipal departments.
- 3.
Environmental footprint measures an impact of any product or services on the environment throughout all its life cycle. It is possible to reduce the impact of human activities measuring the environmental footprint.
- 4.
This initiative follows the objectives of a document “Europa 2020: Una estrategia para el crecimiento inteligente, sostenible e integrados,” better known as 20–20 objectives.
- 5.
This kind of actions can reduce about 44 % of light consumption in a city as Madrid, see eSmarcity.es, Todo sobre ciudades inteligentes.
- 6.
Premios Contratos y Proyectos Smart Cities 2014: Smart city project for Castellon de la Plana. Castellon de la Plana local government.
- 7.
El Confidencial (2013): A company from Lleida makes cans that inform that they are full.
- 8.
Econoticias (2015): Smart city project, irrigation of gardens in Oviedo will be managed through smartphones.
- 9.
Cinco Días (2014): Turn your Smartphone into a touristic guide during these holidays.
- 10.
Smart City Red Española de Ciudades Inteligentes (2015).
- 11.
Red.es (2015): The first call for smart cities.
- 12.
This study is based on an analysis of infrastructures, innovation and energy consumption of 148 cities from 57 countries. It is a study of 66 indicators distributed in ten areas: governance, urban planning, public management, technology, environment, international repercussion, social cohesion, mobility and transport, human capital, and economic development. The difference from other analysis consists on the fact that this study does not consider any special or isolated actions, that despite the fact that they can improve provision of a certain public service, actually they cannot provide any integral improvement to the residents’ life.
- 13.
Junniper (2015).
- 14.
The next World congress on the smart cities will be hold in Barcelona from the 17 until the 19 November of 2015, see http://www.smartcityexpo.com/.
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Vaquero-García, A., Álvarez-García, J., Peris-Ortiz, M. (2017). Urban Models of Sustainable Development from the Economic Perspective: Smart Cities. In: Peris-Ortiz, M., Bennett, D., Pérez-Bustamante Yábar, D. (eds) Sustainable Smart Cities. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40895-8_2
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