Abstract
Gender and conflict is a growing area of study. The authors show how an empirical and theoretical focus on gender and its multifaceted meanings yields entirely different explanations of conflict than traditionally understood. They highlight especially the ways in which attention to women and men, femininities and masculinities, gender norms, and gender relations challenges given categories in International Relations such as levels of analysis, and reconceptualizes security along a “continuum of violence”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agathangelou, Anna M., and Lily H.M. Ling. 2004. Power, Borders, Security, Wealth: Lessons of Violence and Desire from September 11. International Studies Quarterly 48(3): 517–538.
Alexseev, Mikhail A. 2006. Back to Hell: Civilian-Military ‘Audience Costs’ and Russia’s Wars in Chechnia. In Military and Society in Post-Soviet Russia, ed. Stephen L. Webber, and Jennifer G. Mathers, 97–113. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Alison, M. 2009. Women and Political Violence Female Combatants in Ethno-National Conflict. Contemporary Security Studies. New York: Routledge.
Bashevkin, Sylvia. 2014. Numerical and Policy Representation on the International State: Women Foreign Policy Leaders in Western Industrialised Systems. International Political Science Review 35(4): 409–429.
Basu, Soumita. 2010. Security Council Resolution 1325: Toward Gender Equality in Peace and Security Policy Making. In The Gender Imperative: Human Security vs State Security, ed. Betty A. Reardon, and Asha Hans, 287–316. London; New York; New Delhi: Routledge.
———. 2011. Security as Emancipation: A Feminist Perspective. In Twenty Years of Feminist International Relations: A Coversation about the Past, Present and Future, ed. J. Ann Tickner, and Laura Sjoberg, 98–114. London and New York: Routledge.
———. 2013. Emancipatory Potential of Feminist Security Studies. International Studies Perspectives 14(4): 455–458.
———. 2016. Gender as National Interest at the UN Security Council. International Affairs 92(2): 255–273.
Blanchard, Eric M. 2003. Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist Security Theory. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(4): 1289–1312.
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. 1992. An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping. UN doc. no. A/47/277- S/24111.
Brookfield, Tarah. 2012. Cold War Comforts: Canadian Women, Child Safety, and Global Insecurity. Waterloo: Wilfried Laurier Press.
Brown, Melissa. 2012. Enlisting Masculinity the Construction of Gender in U.S. Military Recruiting Advertising during the All-volunteer Force. Oxford Studies in Gender and International Relations. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Caprioli, Mary, and Mark A. Boyer. 2001. Gender, Violence, and International Crisis. Journal of Conflict Resolution 45(4): 503–518.
Carpenter, R. Charli. 2002. Review: Gender Theory in World Politics: Contributions of a Non- Feminist Standpoint. International Studies Review 4(3): 153–165.
Chapman, Krystel, and Maya Eichler. 2014. Engendering Two Solitudes? Media Representations of Women in Combat in Quebec and the Rest of Canada. International Journal 69(4): 594–611.
Chinkin, Christine. 2003. Gender, Human Rights, and Peace Agreements. Ohio State Journal of Dispute Resolution 18(3): 867.
Cockburn, Cynthia. 1999. The Space between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict. London: Zed Books.
———. 2004. The Continuum of Violence: A Gender Perspective on War and Peace. In Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones, ed. Wenona Giles, and Jennifer Hyndman, 24–44. Berkeley: California University Press.
———. 2007. From Where We Stand: War, Women’s Activism & Feminist Analysis. London and New York: Zed Books.
———. 2010. Militarism and War. In Gender Matters in Global Politics, ed. Laura Shepherd. London: Routledge.
———. 2013. War and Security, Women and Gender: An Overview of the Issues. Gender & Development, 21(3): 433–452.
Cockburn, Cynthia, and Dubravka Zarkov (ed). 2002. The Postwar Moment: Militaries, Masculinities and International Peacekeeping. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Cohn, Carol. 2004. Mainstreaming Gender in UN Security Policy: A Path to Political Transformation? Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights Working Paper No. 204. www.amherst.edu/media/view/92331/original/mainstreaming+gender+in+UN+security+policy.pdf
———. 2013. Women and Wars: Contested Histories, Uncertain Futures. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Confortini, Catia. 2010. Feminist Contributions and Challenges to Peace Studies. In International Studies Association Compendium. Blackwell Publishing and International Studies Association.
Connell, Robert W. 1987. Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
———. 2000. The Men and the Boys. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Connell, R.W. 2002. Masculinities, the Reduction of Violence and the Pursuit of Peace. In The Postwar Moment: Militaries, Masculinities and International Peacekeeping, ed. Cynthia Cockburn, and Dobrovka Zarkov, 33–40. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Copelon, Rhonda. 2000. Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes Against Women into International Criminal Law. McGill Law Journal 46(1): 217–240.
Cronin, Bruce. 2002. The Two Faces of the United Nations: The Tension Between Intergovernmentalism and Transnationalism. Global Governance 8: 53–71.
Cuomo, Chris. 1996. War is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence. Hypatia 11(4): 30–45.
D’Costa, Bina. 2006. Marginalized Identity: New Frontiers of Research for IR. In Feminist Methodologies for International Relations, ed. Brooke A. Ackerly, Maria Stern, and Jacqui True, 129–152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duffield, Mark. 2001. Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.
Duncanson, Claire. 2013. Forces for Good? Military Masculinities and Peacebuilding in Afghanistan and Iraq. Basingstock: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Eager, Paige W. 2014. Waging Gendered Wars: U.S. Military Women in Afghanistan and Iraq. London: Ashgate.
Eichler, Maya. 2006. Russia’s Post-Communist Transformation: A Gendered Analysis of the Chechen Wars. International Feminist Journal of Politics 8(4): 486–511.
———. 2011. Russian Veterans of the Chechen Wars: A Feminist Analysis of Militarized Masculinities. In Feminist International Relations: Conversations about the Past, Present and Future, ed. J. Ann Tickner, and Laura Sjoberg, 123–140. New York: Routledge.
———. 2012. Militarizing Men: Gender, Conscription, and War in Post-Soviet Russia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 2013. Women and Combat in Canada: Continuing Tensions between ‘Difference’ and ‘Equality’. Critical Studies on Security 1(2): 257–259.
———. 2014. Militarized Masculinities in International Relations. Brown Journal of World Affairs 21 (2) (Fall/Winter): 81–93.
——— (ed). 2015. Gender and Private Security in Global Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Elias, Juanita. 2015. Introduction: Feminist Security Studies and Feminist Political Economy: Crossing Divides and Rebuilding Bridges. Politics and Gender 11: 406–438.
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1987. Women and War. New York: Basic Books.
Enloe, Cynthia H. 1989. Bananas, Beaches & Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. London: Pandora.
———. 1993. The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Enloe, Cynthia. 1996. Margins, Silences and Bottom Rungs: How to Overcome the Underestimation of Power in the Study of International Relations. In International Relations: Positivism and Beyond, ed. S. Smith, K. Booth, and M. Zalewski, 186–202. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Enloe, Cynthia H. 2000. Manoeuvres the International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
———. 2004a. The Curious Feminist: Searching for Women in a New Age of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Enloe, Cynthia. 2004b. Masculinity as Foreign Policy Issue. Foreign Policy in Focus 5 (36), October 1, 2000. Accessed January 20, 2004. http://www.fpif.org/pdf/vol5/36ifmasculinity.pdf
Enloe, Cynthia H. 2010. Nimo’s War, Emma’s War: Making Feminist Sense of the Iraq War. Berkeley: University of California Press.
———. 2014. Bananas, Beaches & Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, 2nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Feminism and Nonviolent Study Group. 1983. Piecing It Together: Feminism and Nonviolence. London: Calvert’s Press Ltd.
Fond “Obshchestvennoe mnenie.” 2000. V. Putin Samiy Populiarnyi Rossiiskii Politik 1999 Goda. January 13. Accessed July 15, 2008. http://bd.fom.ru
Galey, Margaret E. 1995. Forerunners in Women’s Quest for Partnership. In Women, Politics and the United Nations, ed. Anne Winslow, 1–10. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Gall, Carlotta, and Tom de Wall. 1997. Chechnya: A Small Victorious War. London: Pan.
Gallagher, Nancy. 1993. The Gender Gap in Popular Attitudes Towards the Use of Force. In Women and the Use of Force, ed. Ruth H. Howes, and Michael R. Stevenson, 23–37. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Gardam, Judith, and Hilary Charlesworth. 2000. Protection of Women in Armed Conflict. Human Rights Quarterly 22(1): 148–166.
Gentry, Caron E., and Laura Sjoberg. 2007. Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Women’s Violence in Global Politics. London: Zed Books.
Gill, Lesley. 1997. Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia. Cultural Anthropology 12(4): 527–550.
Goldstein, Joshua S. 2001. War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grant, Rebbeca. 1991. Sources of Gender Bias in International Relations Theory. In Gender and International Relations, ed. Rebecca Grant, and Kathleeen Newland, 8–26. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Grant, Rebecca, and Kathleeen Newland (ed). 1991. Gender and International Relations. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hamber, Brandon, Paddy Hillyard, Amy Maguire, Monica McWilliams, Gillian Robinson, David Russell, and Margaret Ward. 2006. Discourses in Transition: Re- Imagining Women’s Security. International Relations 20(4): 487–502.
Hearn, Jeff. 2012. Men/Masculinities: War/Militarism—Searching (for) the Obvious Connections? In Making Gender, Making War: Violence, Military and Peacekeeping Practices, ed. Annica Kronsell, and Erika Svedberg, 35–48. New York: Routledge.
Higate, Paul R. (ed). 2003. Military Masculinities: Identity and the State. Westport: Praeger.
Hill, Felicity. 2004–2005. How and When has Security Council 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security Impacted Negotiations Outside the Security Council. Masters thesis submitted to Uppsala University Programme of International Studies.
Hill, Felicity, Mikele Aboitiz, and Sara Poehlman-Doumbouya. 2003. Nongovernmental Organizations’ Role in the Buildup and Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(4): 1255–1269.
Hooper, Charlotte. 1998. Masculinist Practices and Gender Politics: The Operation of Multiple Masculinities in International Relations. In The “Man” Question in International Relations, ed. Marysia Zalewski, and Jane Parpart. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Hudson, Heidi. 2005. ‘Doing’ Security as though Humans Matter: A Feminist Perspective on Gender and the Politics of Human Security. Security Dialogue 36(2): 155–174.
Hudson, Valerie M., and Andrea M. den Boer. 2004. Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia’s Surplus Male Population. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hunt, Krista. 2002. The Strategic Co-optation of Women’s Rights. International Feminist Journal of Politics 4(1): 116–121.
Hunt, Krista, and Kim Rygiel (ed). 2006. (En)gendering the War on Terror: War Stories and Camouflaged Politics. Aldershot: Ashgate.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS). 2001. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
John, Mary E. 2015. Intersectionality: Rejection or Critical Dialogue. Economic & Political Weekly L(33): 72–76.
Jones, Adam. 1996. Does ‘Gender’ Make the World Go Round? Feminist Critiques of International Relations. Review of International Studies 22(4): 405–429.
Keohane, Robert O. 1989. International Relations Theory: Contributions of a Feminist Standpoint. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 18(2): 245–253.
Kirby, Paul. 2015. Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict: The Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative and its Critics. International Affairs 91(3): 457–472.
Koch, Michael T., and Sarah A. Fulton. 2011. In the Defense of Women: Gender, Office Holding, and National Security Policy in Established Democracies. The Journal of Politics 73(1): 1–16.
Kreisky, Eva. 1997. Diskreter Maskulinismus: Über geschlechtsneutralen Schein politischer Ideole, politischer Ideale und politischer Institutionen. In Das geheime Glossar der Politikwissenschaft: Geschlechtskritische Inspektion der Kategorien einer Disziplin, ed. Eva Kreisky, and Birgit Sauer, 161–213. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
Kronsell, Annica, and Erica Svedberg. 2001. Making Gender, Making War: Violence, Military and Peacekeeping Practices. New York: Routledge.
Kronsell, Annica. 2012. Gender, Sex and the Postnational Defense Militarism and Peacekeeping. New York: Oxford University Press.
Landgren, Karin. 2015. The Lost Agenda: Gender Parity in Senior UN Positions. Accessed March 15, 2016. http://peaceoperationsreview.org/commentary/the-lost-agenda-gender-parity-in-senior-un-appointments/
Lentini, Peter. 1996. Hegemonic Masculinities in Russia. In Search of Identity: Five Years Since the Fall of the Soviet Union, ed. Vladimir Tikhomirov, 157–169. University of Melbourne: Centre for Russian and Euro-Asian Studies.
Lobasz, Jennifer K., and Laura Sjoberg. 2011. Introduction: The State of Feminist Security Studies: A Conversation. Politics & Gender 7(4): 573–604.
Lorentzen, Lois Ann, and Jennifer Turpin (ed). 1998. The Women and War Reader. New York: NYU Press.
Luciak, A. Ilja, and Cecilia Olmos. 2005. Gender Equality and Guatemalan Peace Accords. In Gender, Conflict and Peacekeeping, ed. Dyan E. Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart, 202–219. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.
MacDonald, Sharon M.H. 2010. A Passionate Voice for Equality, Justice, and Peace: Nova Scotia’s Mary Russell Chesley. In Making up the State: Women in 20th-Century Atlantic Canada, ed. Janet Guildford, and Suzanne Morton, 45–55. Fredericton: Acadiensis Press.
Mackay, Angela. 2005. Mainstreaming Gender in United Nations Peacekeeping Training: Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Gender, Conflict and Peacekeeping, ed. Dyan E. Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart, 265–279. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.
MacKenzie, Megan. 2010. Securitization and De-securitization: Female Soldiers and the Reconstruction of Women in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone. In Gender and International Security:Feminist Perspectives, ed. Laura Sjoberg, 151–166. New York: Routledge.
MacKenzie, Megan H. 2012. Let Women Fight: Ending the U.S. Military’s Female Combat Ban. Foreign Affairs (Nov./Dec.): 32–42.
Mazurana, Dyan, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart. 2005. Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
McEvoy, Sandra. 2010. Loyalist Women Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland: Beginning a Feminist Conversation About Conflict Resolution. In Gender and International Security, ed. Laura Sjoberg, 129–150. New York: Routledge.
Meger, Sara. 2011. Rape in Contemporary Warfare: The Role of Globalization in Wartime Sexual Violence. African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review 1(1): 100–132.
Miller, Barbara, Milad Pournik, and Aisling Swaine. 2014. Women in Peace and Security through United Nations Security Resolution 1325: Literature Review, Content Analysis of National Action Plans, and Implementation. Institute for Global and International Studies, George Washington University. Accessed March 15, 2016. https://ggp.elliott.gwu.edu/sites/ggp.elliott.gwu.edu/files/downloads/igis_wp13_ggp_wp09.pdf
Morgan, David H.J. 1994. Theater of War: Combat, the Military, and Masculinities. In Theorizing Masculinities, ed. Harry Brod, and Michael Kaufman, 165–182. London: Sage.
Moser, Caroline O.N., and Fiona C. Clark. 2001. Victims, Perpetrators Or Actors?: Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence. London: Zed Books.
Murphy, Craig N. 1998. Understanding IR: Understanding Gramsci. Review of International Studies 24(3): 417–425.
Nagel, Joane. 2004. Masculinities and Nation. In Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinities, ed. Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 397–413. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Naraghi Anderlini, Sanam. 2007. Women Building Peace: What They Do, Why it Matters. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Ndulo, Muna. 2009. The United Nations Responses to the Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Women and Girls by Peacekeepers During Peacekeeping Missions. Berkeley Journal of International Law 27(1): 127.
Ní Aoláin, Fionnuala. 2016. The ‘War on Terror’ and Extremism: Assessing the Relevance of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. International Affairs 92(2): 275–291.
Niva, Steve. 1998. Tough and Tender: New World Order Masculinity and the Gulf War. In The “Man” Question in International Relations, ed. Marysia Zalewski, and Jane L. Parpart, 109–128. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Olsson, Louise, and Torunn L. Tryggestad (ed). 2001. Women and International Peacekeeping. London: Routledge.
Pankhurst, Donna. 2010. Sexual Violence in War. In Gender Matters in Global Politics, ed. Laura Shepherd. London: Routledge.
Parashar, Swati. 2009. Feminist International Relations and Women Militants: Case Studies from Sri Lanka and Kashmir. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 22(2): 235–256.
———. 2010. Women, Military, and Security: The South Asian Conundrum. In Gender and International Security, ed. Laura Sjoberg, 168–187. New York: Routledge.
———. 2011. Gender, Jihad, and Jingoism 1: Women as Perpetrators, Planners, and Patrons of Militancy in Kashmir. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 34(4): 295–317.
Peterson, V. Spike. 1992. Gendered States: Feminist (Re)visions of International Relations Theory. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Peterson, V. Spike, and Anne Runyan. 1993. Global Gender Issues. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Peterson, V. Spike, and Jacqui True. 1998. ‘New Times’ and New Conversations. In The ‘Man’ Question in International Relations, ed. Marysia Zalewski, and Jane Parpart, 14–27. Oxford: Westview Press.
Pierson, Ruth Roach. 1988. ‘They’re Still Women After All’: Wartime Jitters over Femininity. In Women and the Military System, ed. Eva Issakson. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Reardon, Betty A. 1985. Sexism and the War System. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Rehn, Elizabeth, and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. 2002. Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peacebuilding. New York: UNIFEM.
Richey, Lisa Ann. 2001. In Search of Feminist Foreign Policy Gender, Development, and Danish State Identity. Cooperation and Conflict 36(2): 177–212.
Ruddick, Sara. 1989. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Boston: Beacon Press.
Sakwa, Richard. 2004. Putin: Russia’s Choice. New York: Routledge.
Saferworld. 2014. Masculinities, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/862-masculinities-conflict-and-peacebuilding-perspectives-on-men-through-a-gender-lens
Sasson-Levy, Orna. 2003. Military, Masculinity, and Citizenship: Tensions and Contradictions in the Experience of Blue-Collar Soldiers. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 10: 319–345.
Shepherd, Laura J. 2007. Gender, Violence and Security: Discourse as Practice. London: Zed Books.
Shepherd, Laura J. 2010. Feminist Security Studies. In The International Studies Encyclopedia, Denemark, Robert A. Blackwell Publishing, 2010. Blackwell Reference Online. 07 February 2014.
———. 2013. The State of Feminist Security Studies: Continuing the Conversation. International Studies Perspectives 14(4): 436–439.
Shoemaker, Jolynn. 2002. In War and Peace: Women and Conflict Prevention. Civil Wars 5(1): 27–54.
Sivakumaran, Sandesh. 2007. Sexual Violence Against Men in Armed Conflict. European Journal of International Law 18(2): 253–276.
Sjoberg, Laura (ed). 2010. Feminist Security Theorizing. The International Studies Encyclopedia. Denemark, Robert A. Blackwell Publishing, 2010. Blackwell Reference Online. 07 February 2014.
———. 2013. Gendering Global Conflict: Towards a Feminist Theory of War. New York: Columbia University Press.
———. 2014. Gender, War, and Conflict. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Sjoberg, Laura, and Caron E. Gentry. 2007. Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Women’s Violence in Global Politics. London and New York: Zed Books.
Sjoberg, Laura, and Jillian Martin. 2010. Feminist Security Theorizing. In The International Studies Encyclopedia, Denemark, Robert A. Blackwell Publishing, 2010. Blackwell Reference Online. 07 February 2014.
Sjoberg, Laura, and Sandra Via. 2010. Gender, War, and Militarism Feminist Perspectives. Westport: Praeger Security International.
Soldner, Markus. 1999. Rußlands Čečnja-Politik seit 1993: Der Weg in den Krieg vor dem Hintergrund innenpolitischer Machtverschiebungen. Hamburg: LIT.
Sperling, Valerie. 2014. Sex, Politics, and Putin: Political Legitimacy in Russia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Steans, Jill. 1998. Gender and International Relations. Cambridge: Polity.
Stern, Maria. 2006. ‘We’ the Subject: The Power and Failure of (In)Security. Security Dialogue 37(2): 187–205.
Stern, Maria, and Marysia Zalewski. 2009. Feminist Fatigue(s): Reflections on Feminism and Familiar Fables of Militarisation. Review of International Studies 35: 611–630.
Stienstra, Deborah. 1995. Can the Silence be Broken? Gender and Canadian Foreign Policy. International Journal 50(1): 103–127.
Sylvester, Christine. 2010. Tensions in Feminist Security Studies. Security Dialogue 41(6): 607–614.
Tickner, J. Ann. 1992. Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security. New York: Columbia University Press.
———. 1997. You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists. International Studies Quarterly 41(4): 611–632.
———. 2001. Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Columbia University Press.
Thomas, Caroline. 2001. Global Governance, Development and Human Security: Exploring the Links. Third World Quarterly 22(2): 159–175.
Togeby, Lise. 1994. The Gender Gap in Foreign Policy Attitudes. Journal of Peace Research 31(4): 375–392.
True, Jacqui. 2010. Mainstreaming Gender in International Institutions. In Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations, ed. Laura Shepherd, 189–203. New York: Routledge.
———. 2013. Feminism. In Theories of International Relations, 5th edn, ed. Scott Burchil, Richard Devetak, Andrew Linklater, Matthew Paterson, Christian Reus-Smith, and Jacqui True, 241–265. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 1994. Human Development Report 1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Economic and Social Council (UN ECOSOC). 1997. Draft Agreed Conclusions. Coordination of Policies and Activities of the Specialized Agencies and Other Bodies of the UN System Related the Following Theme: Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into All Policies and Programmes in the United Nations System. UN Doc No. E/1997/1.30.
United Nations General Assembly [and] Security Council. 2000. Windhoek Declaration on the Tenth Anniversary of the United Nations Transition Group and Namibia Plan of Action on Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Multidimensional Peace Support Operations. UN Doc No. A/55/138-S/2000/693.
United Nations Security Council (UNSC). 2000. Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/1325.
———. 2008. Resolution 1820 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/2008/1820.
———. 2009a. Resolution 1888 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/1888.
———. 2009b. Resolution 1889 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/1889.
———. 2010. Resolution 1960 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/1960.
———. 2013a. Resolution 2106 on Women Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/2106.
———. 2013b. Resolution 2122 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/2122.
———. 2015. Resolution 2242 on Women and Peace and Security. UN doc. no. S/RES/2242.
———. 2016. Resolution 2272 on United Nations peacekeeping operations. UN doc. no. S/RES/2272.
United States Institute of Peace. 2015. Sweden’s Foreign Minister Margot Wallström and Colleagues Face ‘The Giggling Factor’. February 9. http://www.usip.org/olivebranch/2015/02/09/sweden-s-foreign-minister-explains-feminist-foreign-policy
UN Women. 2015. Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Security the Peace: A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325. New York: United Nations.
Weiss, Cora. 2011. We Must Not Make War Safe for Women. Accessed July 17, 2015. https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/cora-weiss/we-must-not-make-war-safe-for-women
Whitworth, Sandra. 2004. Men, Militarism, and UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Pub.
Wibben, Annick T.R. 2004. Feminist International Relations: Old Debates and New directions. Brown Journal of World Affairs 10(2): 97–114.
———. 2011. Feminist Security Studies: A Narrative Approach. London: Routledge.
Wilcox, Lauren B. 2014. Bodies of Violence: Theorizing Embodied Subjects in International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, J. Zoë. 2005. State Making, Peacemaking, and the Inscription of Gendered Policies into Peace: Lessons from Angola. In Gender, Conflict and Peacekeeping, ed. Dyan E. Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart, 242–264. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.
Woolf, Virginia. 1977. The Three Guineas. London: Penguin.
Zarkov, Dubravka. 2008. Gender, Violent Conflict and Development. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Zalewski, Marysia. 1995. Well, What is the Feminist Perspective on Bosnia? International Affairs 71(2): 339–356.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Basu, S., Eichler, M. (2017). Gender in International Relations: Interdisciplinarity and the Study of Conflict. In: Yetiv, S., James, P. (eds) Advancing Interdisciplinary Approaches to International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40823-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40823-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40822-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40823-1
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)