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NG2-glia, More Than Progenitor Cells

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Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 949))

Abstract

NG2-glia are a mysterious and ubiquitous glial population with a highly branched morphology. Initial studies suggested that their unique function is the generation and maintenance of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), important for proper myelination and therefore for axonal support and fast conduction velocity. Over the last years this simplistic notion has been dramatically changed: the wide and homogeneous distribution of NG2-glia within all areas of the developing CNS that is maintained during the whole lifespan, their potential to also differentiate into other cell types in a spatiotemporal manner, their active capability of maintaining their population and their dynamic behavior in altered conditions have raised the question: are NG2-glia simple progenitor cells or do they play further major roles in the normal function of the CNS? In this chapter, we will discuss some important features of NG2-glia like their homeostatic distribution in the CNS and their potential to differentiate into diverse cell types. Additionally, we will give some further insights into the properties that these cells have, like the ability to form synapses with neurons and their plastic behavior triggered by neuronal activity, suggesting that they may play a role specifically in myelin and more generally in brain plasticity. Finally, we will briefly review their behavior in disease models suggesting that their function is extended to repair the brain after insult.

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Abbreviations

Aβ:

Amyloid protein β

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AMPA:

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid

AMPAR:

AMPA receptor

Ascl1:

Achaete-scute homolog 1

αScTX:

Α-scorpion toxin

BrdU:

5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine

Cavs:

Voltage-gated calcium channels

CC1:

Adenomatous polyposis coli

CNS:

Central nervous system

DNQX:

6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EdU:

5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine

EPSC:

Excitatory postsynaptic current

GABAAR:

γ-aminobutyric acid receptor

GPR17:

G-protein coupled receptor 17

Kvs:

Voltage-gated potassium channels

LPC:

α-lysophosphatidylcholine

Mash1:

Mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1

MBP:

Myelin basic protein

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

mEPSC:

Miniature EPSC

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

Navs:

Voltage-gated sodium channels

NBQX:

2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline

NG2:

Neuron/glia antigen 2

NMDAR:

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

OPCs:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PDGFR:

PDGF receptor α

PFC:

Prefrontral cortex

PLP:

Proteolipid protein

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

PSD-95:

Postsynaptic density protein 95

TeNT:

Tetanus neurotoxin

TTX:

Tetrodotoxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

    Jaime Eugenín-von Bernhardi & Leda Dimou

  2. Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

    Jaime Eugenín-von Bernhardi

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  1. Jaime Eugenín-von Bernhardi
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  2. Leda Dimou
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Correspondence to Jaime Eugenín-von Bernhardi or Leda Dimou .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine Professor of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Rommy von Bernhardi

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Eugenín-von Bernhardi, J., Dimou, L. (2016). NG2-glia, More Than Progenitor Cells. In: von Bernhardi, R. (eds) Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 949. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_2

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