Abstract
This chapter reviews all causes of fatal injury in adolescents (10–19 years of age) in the context of other causes of death, both globally and regionally. It also reviews nonfatal injury causes to the extent that currently available data allow and explores issues of data limitations. The public health response to fatal and nonfatal injury in adolescents is discussed within current theoretical approaches and proven effective interventions. While an overview of all adolescent injury is provided, the main focus is on unintentional injury. Case studies are presented for several existing and emerging injury problems during adolescence, and the public health response.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ABS. (2009). Risk taking by young people, 2008. Australian Social Trends. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Chapter5002008
Ad Hoc Committee on Health Research Relating to Future Intervention Options, & World Health Organization. (1996). Investing in health research and development: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on health research relating to future intervention options, convened under the auspices of the World Health Organization (Vol. 96). Geneva: World Health Organization.
AIHW. (2011). 2010 National drug strategy household survey report. Drug statistics series no. 25. Cat no. PHE 145. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=32212254712
AIHW. (2014). National drug strategy household survey detailed report 2013. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved from http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/topics/quick-statistics#sthash.qCGcoAxA.jZutbl1P.dpuf
Anderson, P., de Bruijn, A., Angus, K., Gordon, R., & Hastings, G. (2009). Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 44(3), 229–243. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn115.
Arthur, M. W., & Blitz, C. (2000). Bridging the gap between science and practice in drug abuse prevention through needs assessment and strategic community planning. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(3), 241–255. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(200005)28:3<241:AID-JCOP2>3.0.CO;2-X.
Banta-Green, C. J. (2012). Adolescent abuse of pharmaceutical opioids raises questions about prescribing and prevention. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 166(9), 865–866. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.590.
Bonomo, Y. (2005). Early onset of drinking increases alcohol use in adulthood. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 8(4), 98.
Bonomo, Y., Coffey, C., Wolfe, R., Lynskey, M., Bowes, G., & Patton, G. (2001). Adverse outcomes of alcohol use in adolescents. Addiction, 96(10), 1485–1496. doi:10.1080/09652140120075215.
Braitman, K., Kirley, B., McCartt, A., & Chaudhary, N. (2008). Crashes of novice teenage drivers: Characteristics and contributing factors. Journal of Safety Research, 39(1), 47–54.
Breslin, F. C., & Smith, P. (2005). Age related differences in work injuries: A multivariate, population based study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 48(1), 50–56.
Brewer, T. L., & Collins, M. (2014). A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and young adults after use of synthetic cannabinoids. The Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 19(2), 119–126. doi:10.1111/jspn.12057.
Bugeja, L., McClure, R., Ozanne-Smith, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2011). The public policy approach to injury prevention. Injury Prevention, 17(1), 63–65.
Butchart, A., Harvey, P., Krug, E., Meddings, D., Peden, M., & Sminkey, L. (2007). Preventing injuries and violence: A guide for ministries of health. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/39919_oms_br_2.pdf
Chikritzhs, T., Catalano, P., Stockwell, T., Donath, S., Ngo, H., Young, D., et al. (2003). Australian alcohol indicators, 1990–2001. In Patterns of alcohol use and related harms for Australian states and territories. Perth: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology. Australian States and Territories.
Chikritzhs, T., & Pascal, R. (2004). Trends in youth alcohol consumption and related harms in Australian jurisdictions, 1990–2002. National alcohol indicators, Bulletin No. 6. Perth: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology.
Cohen, L., Miller, T., Sheppard, M., Gordon, E., Gantz, T., & Atnafou, R. (2003). Bridging the gap: Bringing together intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts to improve health and well being. Journal of Safety Research, 34(5), 473–483.
DeWit, D. J., Adlaf, E. M., Offord, D. R., & Ogborne, A. C. (2000). Age at first alcohol use: A risk factor for the development of alcohol disorders. American Journal Psychiatry, 157(5), 745–750.
Doran, C. M., Hall, W. D., Shakeshaft, A. P., Vos, T., & Cobiac, L. J. (2010). Alcohol policy reform in Australia: What can we learn from the evidence? The Medical Journal of Australia, 192(8), 468–470.
Drummer, O. H., Gerostamoulos, J., Batziris, H., Chu, M., Caplehorn, J., Robertson, M. D., et al. (2004). The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(2), 239–248.
Du, W., Yang, J., Powis, B., Zheng, X., Ozanne-Smith, J., Bilston, L., … Wu, M. (2014). Epidemiological profile of hospitalised injuries among electric bicycle riders admitted to a rural hospital in Suzhou: A cross-sectional study. Injury Prevention, 20(2), 128–133.
Du, W., Yang, J., Powis, B., Zheng, X., Ozanne-Smith, J., Bilston, L., et al. (2013). Understanding on-road practices of electric bike riders: An observational study in a developed city of China. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 59, 319–326.
Eddy, J., Reid, J. B., & Fetrow, R. A. (2000). An elementary school-based prevention program targeting modifiable antecedents of youth delinquency and violence: Linking the interests of families and teachers (LIFT). Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(3), 165–176.
Ehsani, J., McNeilly, B., Ibrahim, J., & Ozanne-Smith, J. (2013). Work-related fatal injury among young persons in Australia, July 2000–June 2007. Safety Science, 57, 14–18.
Elvik, R. (2010). Why some road safety problems are more difficult to solve than others. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(4), 1089–1096.
Feng, Z., Raghuwanshi, R., Xu, Z., Huang, D., Zhang, C., & Jin, T. (2010). Electric-bicycle-related injury: A rising traffic injury burden in China. Injury Prevention, 16(6), 417–419.
Flynn, B. S., Worden, J. K., Secker-Walker, R. H., Pirie, P. L., Badger, G. J., & Carpenter, J. H. (1997). Long-term responses of higher and lower risk youths to smoking prevention interventions. Preventive Medicine, 26(3), 389–394. doi:10.1006/pmed.1997.0159.
Forrester, M. B. (2013). Adolescent synthetic cathinone exposures reported to Texas poison centers. Pediatric Emergency Care, 29(2), 151–155. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182808ae2.
Gore, F. M., Bloem, P. J., Patton, G. C., Ferguson, J., Joseph, V., Coffey, C., et al. (2011). Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: A systematic analysis. The Lancet, 377(9783), 2093–2102.
Gregersen, N., Nyberg, A., & Berg, H. Y. (2003). Accident involvement among learner drivers—An analysis of the consequences of supervised practice. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(5), 725–730.
Grundlingh, J., Dargan, P. I., El-Zanfaly, M., & Wood, D. M. (2011). 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP): A weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 7(3), 205–212.
Haddon, W. (1970). On the escape of tigers: An ecologic note. American Journal of Public Health, 60(12), 2229–2234.
Haddon, W. (1980). Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public Health Reports, 95(5), 411.
Haw, C. M., & Hawton, K. (2011). Problem drug use, drug misuse and deliberate self-harm: Trends and patient characteristics, with a focus on young people, Oxford, 1993–2006. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(2), 85–93. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0170-x.
Huckle, T., Huakau, J., Sweetsur, P., Huisman, O., & Casswell, S. (2008). Density of alcohol outlets and teenage drinking: Living in an alcogenic environment is associated with higher consumption in a metropolitan setting. Addiction, 103(10), 1614–1621. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02318.x.
Hurst, D., & Wheelock, C. (2010). Electric two-wheel vehicles (electric bicycles, mopeds, scooters, and motorcycles): Market analysis and forecasts. Boulder, CO: Pike Research.
International Labour Office. (2008). Working with youth: Tips for small business owners. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Kodjo, C. M., Auinger, P., & Ryan, S. A. (2004). Prevalence of, and factors associated with, adolescent physical fighting while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(4), 346.e11–346.e16.
Lagasse, L. L., Hammond, J., Liu, J., Lester, B. M., Shankaran, S., Bada, H., … Das, A. (2006). Violence and delinquency, early onset drug use, and psychopathology in drug-exposed youth at 11 years. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 313–318. doi:10.1196/annals.1376.041
Laughlin, M. (2008). “Pharming” endangers teens. Oklahoma State Medical Association, 101(6–7), 164.
Levine, D. A. (2007). “Pharming”: The abuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs in teens. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 19(3), 270–274. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32814b09cf.
Livingston, M. (2014). Trends in non-drinking among Australian adolescents. Addiction, 109(6), 922–929. doi:10.1111/add.12524.
Livingston, M., & Room, R. (2009). Variations by age and sex in alcohol-related problematic behaviour per drinking volume and heavier drinking occasion. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 101(3), 169–175. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.014.
Mattila, V. M., Parkkari, J., Lintonen, T., Kannus, P., & Rimpela, A. (2005). Occurrence of violence and violence-related injuries among 12–18 year-old Finns. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 33(4), 307–313. doi:10.1080/14034940510005851.
Mayhew, D., Simpson, H., & Pak, A. (2003). Changes in collision rates among novice drivers during the first months of driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(5), 683–691.
McCartt, A., Shabanova, V., & Leaf, W. (2003). Driving experience, crashes and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(3), 311–320.
Miller, J. W., Naimi, T. S., Brewer, R. D., & Jones, S. E. (2007). Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviors among high school students. Pediatrics, 119(1), 76–85. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1517.
Minet, J. (1995). Teens cite illicit drugs as major worry, see marijuana as gateway. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 52(20), 2170, 2174.
Munro, J., Coleman, P., Nicholl, J., Harper, R., Kent, G., & Wild, D. (1995). Can we prevent accidental injury to adolescents? A systematic review of the evidence. Injury Prevention, 1(4), 249–255.
Murphy, K. D., Byrne, S., McCarthy, S., Lambert, S., & Sahm, L. J. (2014). Benzodiazepine use among young attendees of an Irish substance treatment center. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 8(3), 199–204. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000025.
NHMRC. (2007). Australian alcohol guidelines for low-risk drinking. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council.
Ozanne-Smith, J., Ashby, K., Newstead, S., Stathakis, V. Z., & Clapperton, A. (2004). Firearm related deaths: The impact of regulatory reform. Injury Prevention, 10(5), 280–286. doi:10.1136/ip.2003.004150.
Pedersen, W., & von Soest, T. (2015). Adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking: An 18-year trend study of prevalence and correlates. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 50(2), 219–225. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu091.
Pilgrim, J. L., Gerostamoulos, D., & Drummer, O. H. (2014a). “King hit” fatalities in Australia, 2000–2012: The role of alcohol and other drugs. Drug Alcohol Dependence, 135, 119–132. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.019.
Pilgrim, J. L., Woodford, N., & Drummer, O. H. (2012). Cocaine in sudden and unexpected death: A review of 49 post-mortem cases. Forensic Science International, 227(1), 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.037.
Pilgrim, J. L., Yafistham, S. P., Gaya, S., Saar, E., & Drummer, O. H. (2014b). An update on oxycodone: Lessons for death investigators in Australia. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 11(1), 3–12. doi:10.1007/s12024-014-9624-x.
Remy, L., Narvaez, J., Sordi, A., Guimaraes, L. S., Von Diemen, L., Surratt, H., … Pechansky, F. (2013). Correlates of unprotected sex in a sample of young club drug users. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 68(11), 1384–1391. doi:10.6061/clinics/2013(11)01
Research in China. (2011). Industry report on electric bicycles in China, 2010–2011. Beijing: Research in China (CYQ003). Retrieved from http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2011/6134.html
Robertson, L. (1983). Injuries—Causes, control strategies, and public policy. New York: Free Press.
Sagberg F. (2000). Evaluation of 16 years age limit for practising with private car: Accident risk after driver’s test. Institute of Transport Economics. TOI rapport, 498.
Salminen, S. (2004). Have young workers more injuries than older ones? An international literature review. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5), 513–521.
Schwartz, R. H. (2005). Adolescent abuse of dextromethorphan. Clin Pediatrics (Phila), 44(7), 565–568.
Sheppard, M. A., Snowden, C. B., Baker, S. P., & Jones, P. R. (2008). Estimating alcohol and drug involvement in hospitalized adolescents with assault injuries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 165–171. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.016.
Simons-Morton, B., Hartos, J., Leaf, W., & Preusser, D. (2006). Increasing parent limits on novice young drivers cognitive mediation of the effect of persuasive messages. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(1), 83–105.
Stephens, M. B. (2006). Preventive health counseling for adolescents. American Family Physician, 74(7), 1151–1156.
Swahn, M. H., Simon, T. R., Hammig, B. J., & Guerrero, J. L. (2004). Alcohol-consumption behaviors and risk for physical fighting and injuries among adolescent drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 29(5), 959–963. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.043.
TAC. (2015). Searchable road trauma statistics, online crash database. Geelong, VIC: Transport Accident Commission Transport Accident Commission. Accessed March 20, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/road-safety/statistics/online-crash-database
Thornton, S. L., Gerona, R. R., & Tomaszewski, C. A. (2012). Psychosis from a bath salt product containing flephedrone and MDPV with serum, urine, and product quantification. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 8(3), 310–313. doi:10.1007/s13181-012-0232-4.
Toumbourou, J. W., Snow, P., Sanci, L., & Williams, J. (2002). Literature review of early intervention for young people with drug problems, prepared by the Centre for Adolescent Health for the Victorian Department of Human Services.
Tyler, K. A. (2008). Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults. Social Science Research, 37(2), 673–685.
UN. (2015). Sustainable development summit 2015. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/meetings/2015/un-sustainable-development-summit/en/
United Nation. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. New NY: United Nation. Retrieved from http://wunrn.org/reference/pdf/Convention_Rights_Child.PDF
United Nations. (2014). Synthesis report of the secretary-general on the post-2015 sustainable development agenda (Vol. Sixty-ninth session, Agenda items 13 (a) and 115). New York: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/700&referer=http://www.un.org/en/documents/&Lang=E
United Nations Road Safety Collaboration. (2011). Decade of action for road safety 2011–2020. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
Valdez, A. (2014). Rx for injury: Adolescent prescription drug misuse. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(5), 497–499. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2014.05.011.
VicRoads. (2005). Young driver safety and graduated licensing discussion paper. Retrieved from file:///Users/AndrewCherry/Downloads/GraduatedLicensingSystemEvaluationIntermReport.pdf
VicRoads. (2014). Factsheet. Graduated licensing system: Helping young drivers to be safe drivers. Retrieved from http://www.nationaldrivingacademy.com.au/blog-driving-tips/the-relevance-of-post-licence-driver-training
Watt, G. (1992). Injuries sustained by young people in Victoria, 1986–1992: An overview of fatal and non-fatal injuries to adolescents and young adults. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University, Accident Research Centre (MUARC). Retrieved from http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1201329
White, V. M., & Bariola, E. (2012). Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the counter and illicit substances in 2011 report. National Drug Strategy, Department of Health and Ageing.
WHO. (2006). Developing policies to prevent injuries and violence: Guidelines for policy-makers and planners. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2008a). World report on road traffic injury prevention; 2004. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2008b). World health statistics, 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2014a). Adolescents: Health risks and solutions. Fact sheet No. 345. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs345/en/
WHO. (2014b). Health for the world’s adolescents: A second chance in the second decade: Summary. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/adolescent/second-decade/
WHO. (2014c). Global report on drowning: Preventing a leading killer. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/global_report_drowning/en/
WHO. (2015). ICD-10 Version: 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO & UNICEF. (2008). World report on child injury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Williams, A. (1999). Graduated licensing comes to the United States. Injury Prevention, 5(2), 133.
Williams, A. (2011). Commentary: Graduated licensing—Moving forward or standing still? Traffic Injury Prevention, 12(3), 207–209.
Williams, A., Tefft, B., & Grabowski, J. (2012). Graduated driver licensing research, 2010-present. Journal of Safety Research, 43(3), 195–203.
Winter, M. V., Donovan, R. J., & Fielder, L. J. (2008). Exposure of children and adolescents to alcohol advertising on television in Australia. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(5), 676–683.
World Health Assembly. (2011). World Health Assembly adopts resolution targeted at saving the lives of children from injury. Geneva: WHA 64.27. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/media/news/2011/24_05/en/
Yang, J., Hu, Y., Du, W., Powis, B., Ozanne-Smith, J., Liao, Y., et al. (2014). Unsafe riding practice among electric bikers in Suzhou, China: An observational study. BMJ open, 4(1), e003902.
Yao, L., & Wu, C. (2012). Traffic safety for electric bike riders in China. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2314(1), 49–56.
Zarocostas, J. (2011). Road safety plan aims to save five million lives in next 10 years. BMJ, 342, d2918. doi:10.1136/bmj.d2918.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ozanne-Smith, J., Pilgrim, J., Oxley, J. (2017). Injuries in Adolescents: The Public Health Response. In: Cherry, A., Baltag, V., Dillon, M. (eds) International Handbook on Adolescent Health and Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40743-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40743-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40741-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40743-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)