Abstract
This introductory chapter examines the nature of “emergence” as an explanatory concept for understanding genre innovation, contrasting it with the associated concept of “evolution,” which has also been used widely. In asking the question “Where do genres come from?” the author seeks to understand not only where they come from (that is, their antecedent conditions and causes), but also how they come about (that is, the social and material promoters of and motives for change), and why they “emerge” (that is, why their reception is seen as something new and different). A review of prior studies examines how genre has been conceived, how transformation is understood and documented, how causes and motives and conditions are characterized, and how the role of technological medium has been implicated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Altman, Rick. 1999a. Film/genre. London: British Film Institute.
———. 1999b. Where do genres come from? In Film/genre, 30–48. London: British Film Institute.
Applegarth, Risa. 2014. Rhetoric in American anthropology: Gender, genre, and science. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Aristotle. 2007. On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse, 2nd edn. Trans. George A. Kennedy. New York: Oxford University Press. Original edition, 1991.
Askehave, Inger, and Anne Ellerup Nielsen. 2005. Digital genres: A challenge to traditional genre theory. Information, Technology & People 18(2): 120–141. doi:10.1108/09593840510601504.
Bakhtin, M. M. 1986. The problem of speech genres. In Speech genres and other late essays, eds. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, 60–102. Austin: University of Texas Press. Original edition, 1952.
Bazerman, Charles. 1984. Modern evolution of the experimental report in physics: Spectroscopic articles in physical review, 1893–1980. Social Studies of Science 14(2): 163–196.
———. 1988. Shaping written knowledge: The genre and activity of the experimental article in science, rhetoric of the human sciences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
———. 2000. Letters and the social grounding of differentiated genres. In Letter writing as a social practice, eds. David Barton and Nigel Hall, 15–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bedau, Mark A., and Paul Humphreys, eds. 2008. Emergence: Contemporary readings in philosophy and science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Berkenkotter, Carol, and Thomas N. Huckin. 1995. News value in Scientific Journal Articles. In Genre knowledge in disciplinary communication: Cognition, culture, power, 27–44. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bhatia, Vijay K. 1998. Generic patterns in fundraising discourse. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising 1998(22): 95–110.
——— 2008a. Genre analysis, ESP, and professional practice. English for Specific Purposes 27(2): 161–174. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2007.07.005.
——— 2008b. Towards critical genre analysis. In Advances in discourse studies, eds. Vijay K. Bhatia, John Flowerdew, and Rodney H. Jones, 166–177. New York: Routledge.
——— 2010. Interdiscursivity in professional communication. Discourse & Communication 4(1): 32–50. doi:10.1177/1750481309351208.
Bitzer, Lloyd F. 1968. The rhetorical situation. Philosophy and Rhetoric 1: 1–14.
Bruns, Axel. 2008. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second life, and beyond: From production to produsage. New York: Peter Lang.
Burke, Kenneth. 1966. Terministic screens. In Language as symbolic action, 44–62. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Caldwell, L.K. 1997. Implementing NEPA: A non-technical political task. In Environmental policy and NEPA, eds. R. Clark and L. Canter, 25–50. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press.
Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1978. Form and genre in rhetorical criticism: An introduction. In Form and genre: Shaping rhetorical action, eds. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, 9–32. Falls Church: Speech Communication Association.
———. 2008. Presidents creating the presidency: Deeds done in words, 1990. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Original edition.
Consigny, Scott. 1974. Rhetoric and its situations. Philosophy and Rhetoric 7(3): 175–186.
Crowston, Kevin, and Marie Williams. 2000. Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World Wide Web. The Information Society 16(3): 201–215. doi:10.1080/01972240050133652.
Derrida, Jacques. 1980. The law of genre. Critical Inquiry 7(1): 55–81.
DiMaggio, Paul. 1987. Classification in art. American Sociological Review 52(4): 440–455.
Dreyfus, Daniel A., and Helen M. Ingram. 1976. The National Environmental Policy Act: A view of intent and practice. Natural Resources Journal 16(April): 243–262.
Dubrow, Heather. 1982. Genre. London: Methuen.
Duff, David, ed. 2000. Modern genre theory. New York: Pearson Education.
Eisenstein, Elizabeth. 1979. The printing press as an agent of change: Communications and cultural transformations in early-modern Europe, vol 1–2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Evangelisti Allori, Paola, John Bateman, and Vijay K. Bhatia. 2014. Evolution in genre: Emergence, variation, multimodality. In Linguistic insights studies in language and communication, ed. Maurizio Gotti. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
Fowler, Alastair. 1971. The life and death of literary forms. New Literary History 2(2): 199–216.
———. 1982. Kinds of literature: An introduction to the theory of genres and modes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Freadman, Anne. 2002. Uptake. In The rhetoric and ideology of genre: Strategies for stability and change, eds. Richard M. Coe, Lorelei Lingard, and Tatiana Teslenko, 39–53. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
Frow, John. 2005. Genre. In The new critical idiom, ed. John Drakakis. London: Routledge.
Genette, Gerard. 1992. The architext: An introduction. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Berkeley: University of California Press. Original edition, 1979.
Giltrow, Janet. 2002. Meta-Genre. In The rhetoric and ideology of genre: Strategies for stability and change, eds. Richard Coe, Lorelei Lingard, and Tatiana Teslenko, 187–205. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
Gotti, Maurizio, and Larissa D’Angelo. 2014. Genre variation in mediation practice: Traditional vs online processes. In Evolution in genre: Emergence, variation, multimodality, eds. Paola Evangelisti Allori, John Bateman, and Vijay K. Bhatia, 209–234. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
Gross, Alan G., Joseph E. Harmon, and Michael Reidy. 2002. Communicating science: The scientific article from the 17th century to the present. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gurak, Laura J. 2001. Cyberliteracy: Navigating the internet with awareness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hall, Marie Buas. 1965. Oldenburg and the art of scientific communication. British Journal for the History of Science 2(4): 277–290.
Henze, Brent R. 2004. Emergent genres in young disciplines: The case of ethnological science. Technical Communication Quarterly 13(4): 393–421.
Herring, Susan C., Lois Ann Scheidt, Sabrina Bonus, and Elijah Wright. 2005. Weblogs as a bridging genre. Information, Technology & People 18(2): 142–171.
Ihlström, Carina, and Ola Hennfridsson. 2005. Online newspapers in Scandinavia: A longitudinal study of genre change and interdependency. Information, Technology & People 18(2): 172–192.
Jamieson, Kathleen M. 1973. Generic constraints and the rhetorical situation. Philosophy and Rhetoric 6(3): 162–170.
——— 1975. Antecedent genre as rhetorical constraint. Quarterly Journal of Speech 61: 406–415.
Lassen, Inger. 2006. Is the press release a genre? A study of form and content. Discourse Studies 8(503–530).
Liddle, Dallas. 2009. Dynamics of genre: Journalism and the practice of literature in mid-Victorian Britain, Victorian literature and culture. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Liestøl, Gunnar. 2006. Conducting genre convergence for learning. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Lifelong Learning 16(3/4): 255–270.
———. 2009. Situated simulations: A prototyped augmented reality genre for learning on the iPhone. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 3(S1): 24–28.
Lucas, Stephen E. 1986. Genre criticism and historical context: The case of George Washington’s first inaugural address. Southern Speech Communication Journal 51(4): 354–370.
Lüders, Marika, Prøitz Lin, and Terje Rasmussen. 2010. Emerging personal media genres. New Media & Society 12(6): 947–963.
Manovich, Lev. 2001. The language of new media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Medway, Peter. 2002. Fuzzy genres and community identities: The case of architecture students’ sketchbooks. In The rhetoric and ideology of genre: Strategies for stability and change, eds. Richard Coe, Lorelei Lingard, and Tatiana Teslenko, 123–153. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
Miller, Carolyn R. 1980. Environmental impact statements and rhetorical genres: An application of rhetorical theory to technical communication. PhD dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
——— 1984. Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech 70(2): 151–167.
——— 2012. New genres, now and then. In Literature, rhetoric, and values, eds. Shelley Hulan, Murray McArthur, and Randy Allen Harris, 127–149. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
——— 2015. Genre change and evolution. In Genre studies around the globe: Beyond the three traditions, eds. Natalia Artemeva and Aviva Freedman, 154–185. Edmonton: Inkshed Publications.
——— In press. Genre innovation: Evolution, emergence, or something else? Journal of Media Innovation.
Miller, Carolyn R., and Dawn Shepherd. 2004. Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. In Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and the culture of weblogs, eds. Laura Gurak, Smiljana Antonijevic, Laurie Johnson, Clancy Ratliff, and Jessica Reymann. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Libraries. Accessed 22 July 2015.
———. 2009. Questions for genre theory from the blogosphere. In Genres in the Internet: Issues in the theory of genre, eds. Janet Giltrow and Dieter Stein, 263–290. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mittell, Jason. 2004. Genre and television: From cop shows to cartoons in American culture. New York: Routledge.
Nytch, Jeffrey. 2012. The aesthetic product as entrepreneurial driver: An arts perspective on entrepreneurial innovation. Journal of Management Policy and Practice 13 (5): 11–18.
O’Connor, Timothy, and Hong Yu Wong. 2012. Emergent properties. In Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta, summer 2015 edition. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/properties-emergent/.
Østergaard, Svend, and Peer F. Bundgaard. 2015. The emergence and nature of genres: A social-dynamic account. Cognitive Semiotics 8(2): 97–127. doi:10.1515/cogsem-2015-0007.
Paolillo, John C., Jonathan Warren, and Breanne Kunz. 2011. Genre emergence in Amateur Flash. In Genres on the web: Computational models and empirical studies, eds. Alexander Mehler, Serge Sharoff, and Marina Santini, 277–302. Dordrecht: Springer. Accessed 4 Sept 2011. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9178-9_13.
Paré, Anthony. 1993. Discourse regulations and the production of knowledge. In Writing in the workplace: new research perspectives, ed. Rachel Spilka, 111–123. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Rea, Jaclyn, and Michelle Riedlinger. 2016. Exigencies, ecologies, and internet street science: Genre emergence in the context of Fukushima radiation-risk discourse. In Genre and the performance of publics, ed. Mary Jo Reiff and Anis Bawarshi, 219–238. Logan: Utah State University Press.
Reiff, Mary Jo, and Anis Bawarshi, ed. 2016. Genre and the performance of publics. Logan: Utah State University Press.
Russell, Lindsay Rose. 2016. Genre beginnings, genre invention, and the English-language dictionary. In Genre and the performance of publics, ed. Mary Jo Reiff and Anis Bawarshi, 83–99. Logan: Utah State University Press.
Rutherford, Brian A. 2005. Genre analysis of corporate annual report narratives: A corpus linguistics-based approach. Journal of Business Communication 42(4): 349–378.
Schryer, Catherine F. 1993. Records as genre. Written Communication 10(2): 200–234.
Schryer, Catherine F., and Philippa Spoel. 2005. Genre theory, health-care discourse, and professional identity formation. Journal of Business and Technical Communication 19(3): 249–278.
Schryer, Catherine F., Lorelei Lingard, and Marlee Spafford. 2007. Regularized practices: Genres, improvisation, and identity formation in health-care professions. In Communicative practices in workplaces and the professions: Cultural perspectives on the regulation of discourse and organizations, eds. Charlotte Thralls and Mark Zachry, 21–44. Amityville: Baywood.
Shapin, Steven. 1996. The scientific revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Skågeby, Jörgen. 2013. Dismantling the guitar hero? A case of prodused parody and disarmed subversion. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 19(1): 63–76. doi:10.1177/1354856512456791.
Smythe, R.B. 1997. The historical roots of NEPA. In Environmental policy and NEPA, eds. R. Clark and L. Canter, 3–14. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press.
Spies, Marijke. 1994. Between epic and lyric: The genres in J. C. Scaliger’s Poetices Libri Septem. In Renaissance-Poetik/Renaissance Poetics, ed. Heinrich F. Plett, 260–270. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Spinuzzi, Clay. 2003. Compound mediation in software development: Using genre ecologies to study textual artifacts. In Writing Selves/writing societies: Research from activity perspectives, eds. Charles Bazerman and David Russell, 97–124. Fort Collins: The WAC Clearinghouse and Mind, Culture, and Activity.
Star, Susan, and James Greisemer. 1989. Institutional ecology, ‘translations’ and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–1939. Social Studies of Science 19(3): 387–420.
Swales, John M. 1990. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
——— 2004. Research genres: Explorations and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tardy, Christine M. 2015. Beyond convention: Genre innovation in academic writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1975. The fantastic: A structural approach to a literary genre. Trans. Richard Howard. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Original edition, 1970.
———. 1976. The origin of genres. New Literary History 8(1): 159–170.
Vatz, Richard. 1973. The myth of the rhetorical situation. Philosophy and Rhetoric 6: 154–161.
Walsh, Lynda. 2009. Marking territory: Legislated genres, stakeholder beliefs, and the possibility of common ground in the Mexican Wolf Blue range reintroduction project. Written Communication 26(2): 115–153.
Wells, Susan. 2014. Genres as species and spaces: Literary and rhetorical genre in The Anatomy of Melancholy. Philosophy & Rhetoric 47(2): 113–136. doi:10.1353/par.2014.0010.
Winsor, Dorothy A. 2000. Ordering work: Blue-Collar literacy and the political nature of genre. Written Communication 17(2): 155–184.
Yates, JoAnne. 1989a. Control through communication: The rise of system in American management. In Studies in industry and society, ed. Glenn Porter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
———. 1989b. The emergence of the memo as a managerial genre. Management Communication Quarterly 2(4): 485–510.
Ziman, John. 1968. Public knowledge: The social dimension of science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miller, C.R. (2017). “Where Do Genres Come From?”. In: Miller, C., Kelly, A. (eds) Emerging Genres in New Media Environments. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40295-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40295-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40294-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40295-6
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)