Skip to main content

An Interactive 2D-to-3D Cartoon Modeling System

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
E-Learning and Games (Edutainment 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9654))

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an interactive system that can quickly convert a 2D cartoon painting into a 3D textured cartoon model, enabling non-professional adults and children to easily create personalized 3D contents. Our system exploits a new approach based on solving Poisson equations to generate 3D models, which is free from the limitations of spherical topology in prior works. We also propose a novel method to generate whole textures for both sides of the models to deliver colorful appearances, making it possible to obtain stylized models rendered with cartoon textures. The results have shown that our method can greatly simplify the modeling process comparing with both traditional modeling softwares and prior sketch-based systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. AUTODESK Maya (2015). http://www.autodesk.com/products/maya/overview

  2. AUTODESK 3ds Max (2015). http://www.autodesk.com.cn/products/3ds-max/overview

  3. Igarashi, T., Matsuoka, S., Tanaka, H.: Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 Courses, p. 21. ACM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schmidt, R., Wyvill, B., Sousa, M.C., et al.: Shapeshop: sketch-based solid modeling with blobtrees. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 Courses, p. 43. ACM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nealen, A., Igarashi, T., Sorkine, O., et al.: FiberMesh: designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 26(3), 41 (2007). ACM

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cordier, F., Seo, H., Park, J., et al.: Sketching of mirror-symmetric shapes. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17(11), 1650–1662 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gingold, Y., Igarashi, T., Zorin, D.: Structured annotations for 2D-to-3D modeling. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 28(5), 148 (2009). ACM

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Borosn, P., Jin, M., DeCarlo, D., et al.: Rigmesh: automatic rigging for part-based shape modeling and deformation. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 31(6), 198 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sýkora, D., Kavan, L., Čadík, M., et al.: Ink-and-ray: bas-relief meshes for adding global illumination effects to hand-drawn characters. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 33(2), 16 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Olsen, L., Samavati, F., Sousa, M.C, et al.: A taxonomy of modeling techniques using sketch-based interfaces. In: Eurographics State of the Art Report (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Schmidt, R., Isenberg, T., Jepp, P., et al.: Sketching, scaffolding, and inking: a visual history for interactive 3D modeling. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering. ACM, pp. 23–32 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Olsen, L., Samavati, F.F., Jorge, J.A.: NaturaSketch: Modeling from images and natural sketches. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 31(6), 24–34 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Karpenko, O.A., Hughes, J.F.: SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 25(3), 589–598 (2006). ACM

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rivers, A., Igarashi, T., Durand, F.: 2.5 D cartoon models. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 29(4), 59 (2010). ACM

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sýkora, D., Ben-Chen, M., Čadík, M., et al.: TexToons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 75–84. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cheng, M.M.: Curve structure extraction for cartoon images. In: Proceedings of the 5th Joint Conference on Harmonious Human Machine Environment, pp. 13–25 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sýkora, D., Buriánek, J., Žára, J.: Colorization of black-and-white cartoons. Image Vis. Comput. 23(9), 767–782 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shewchuk, J.R.: Delaunay refinement algorithms for triangular mesh generation. Comput. Geom. 22(1), 21–74 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Shewchuk, J.R.: Triangle: engineering a 2D quality mesh generator and Delaunay triangulator. In: Lin, M.C., Manocha, D. (eds.) Applied Computational Geometry Towards Geometric Engineering. LNCS, vol. 1148, pp. 203–222. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Field, D.A.: Laplacian smoothing and Delaunay triangulations. Commun. Appl. Numer. Methods 4(6), 709–712 (1988)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Vollmer, J., Mencl, R., Mueller, H.: Improved laplacian smoothing of noisy surface meshes. Comput. Graph. Forum 18(3), 131–138 (1999). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jacobson, A., Baran, I., Popovic, J., et al.: Bounded biharmonic weights for real-time deformation. ACM Trans. Graph. 30(4), 78 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Laperrire, R., Thalmann, D.: Joint-dependent local deformations for hand animation and object grasping. In: Proceedings on Graphics Interface 1988 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gooch, A., Gooch, B., Shirley, P., et al.: A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 447–452. ACM (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Anjyo, K., Hiramitsu, K.: Stylized highlights for cartoon rendering and animation. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 23(4), 54–61 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., Poupyrev, I.: MagicBook: transitioning between reality and virtuality. In: CHI 2001, Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 25–26. ACM (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Developer, V.: SDK, Unity extension Vuforia–2.8 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Geiger, D., Pao, H., Rubin, N.: Salient and multiple illusory surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 118–124. IEEE (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Orzan, A., Bousseau, A., Barla, P., et al.: Diffusion curves: a vector representation for smooth-shaded images. Commun. ACM 56(7), 101–108 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Elad, M., Starck, J.L., Querre, P., et al.: Simultaneous cartoon and texture image inpainting using morphological component analysis (MCA). Appl. Comput. Harmonic Anal. 19(3), 340–358 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all the volunteers who participated in our user studies. This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 61173105 and 61373085) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (no. 2015AA016404).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Lele Feng or Xubo Yang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Feng, L., Yang, X., Xiao, S., Jiang, F. (2016). An Interactive 2D-to-3D Cartoon Modeling System. In: El Rhalibi, A., Tian, F., Pan, Z., Liu, B. (eds) E-Learning and Games. Edutainment 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9654. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40259-8_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40259-8_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40258-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40259-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics