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Children’s Bodily Integrity: Justice and Child Well-Being in Affluent Societies

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Ethics and the Endangerment of Children's Bodies

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Abstract

In this chapter, Graf and Schweiger present their normative framework, which is a (partial) theory of justice for children based on the capability approach. They are concerned with questions of children’s particularity, which differentiates them from adults, and thus examine childhood as a phase of development, in particular of autonomy, and increased vulnerability. Then they argue for certain modifications of the capability approach to fit better for children, and focus on the concept of developing capabilities for that task. Since bodily integrity is at the heart of this book, they further scrutinize this concept as a set of capabilities involving health, agency, and self-relations. Finally, they explore the concept of agents of justice for children and how responsibilities can be attributed to them, based on various grounds.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to Rawls, ideal theorizing works with the additional assumption that natural and historical conditions are favourable (Rawls 1971, 110). However, this second assumption is not so central here and will be neglected.

  2. 2.

    Although we lack the space to delve into the debate about the variety and scope of a naturalistic fallacy, a good study can be found in Curry (2006).

  3. 3.

    Again, as this book focuses on applied ethics, we cannot provide a detailed account of the current meta-ethical debates on moral reasons (external and internal ones) and relativism. However, some good studies on the topic are (Korsgaard 1993; McDowell 1995; Williams 1985).

  4. 4.

    There are many issues in relation to the vulnerability and autonomy of children, which we can only address very briefly because they differ from the main focus in this book.

  5. 5.

    Children are not the only group with a special vulnerability, although, as Martha Nussbaum notes, they share some, but certainly not all, features with persons with disabilities (Dixon and Nussbaum 2012). One important difference between children and disabled persons is that the phase of childhood is one of development, which normally leads to a stage of healthy adulthood, while persons with disabilities have, in most cases, no such developmental phase ahead of them.

  6. 6.

    Without doubt, autonomy is the most researched issue in the philosophical literature on children. Some consensus has emerged that children neither completely lack autonomy nor are they autonomous on the same level as adults. Again, children differ greatly in their autonomy, which is itself a developing feature. Many aspects are discussed in Archard and Macleod (2002) and Bagattini (2014).

  7. 7.

    There is some literature that explicitly discusses O’Neill’s approach (Archard et al. 2013).

  8. 8.

    A more detailed discussion on Young’s model and its problems is beyond the scope of this book (Ferguson and Nagel 2009).

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  1. Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Gunter Graf & Gottfried Schweiger

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Graf, G., Schweiger, G. (2017). Children’s Bodily Integrity: Justice and Child Well-Being in Affluent Societies. In: Ethics and the Endangerment of Children's Bodies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40213-0_2

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