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Biological Approaches for Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Sites

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Phytoremediation

Abstract

Environmental pollution by heavy metals and metalloids is a severe problem posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. Remediation strategies are necessary to protect from their toxic effects and in this context, biological remediation has tremendous potential. It uses plants and microorganisms to remove or contain toxic contaminants and is considered as the most effective method because it is a natural process, environmentally friendly, has a low cost, and wide public acceptance. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of some of the promising processes mediated by plant and microbes to remediate metal-contaminated environments. Some biological processes used for the decontamination of organic compounds will also be included because of their relevance and potential common use for both purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department of Science and Technology School, Évora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, Évora, 7000-671, Portugal

    A. P. Pinto, M. E. Lopes & D. Martins Teixeira

  2. Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), Évora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, Évora, 7000-671, Portugal

    A. P. Pinto

  3. Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon (TULisbon), Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal

    A. de Varennes

  4. HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, Évora, 7000-671, Portugal

    M. E. Lopes & D. Martins Teixeira

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  1. A. P. Pinto
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  2. A. de Varennes
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  3. M. E. Lopes
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  4. D. Martins Teixeira
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  1. Department of Biology Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid Ali Ansari

  2. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Ritu Gill

  4. College of Environmental Science, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Guy R. Lanza

  5. College of Environmental Science, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Lee Newman

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Pinto, A.P., de Varennes, A., Lopes, M.E., Teixeira, D.M. (2016). Biological Approaches for Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Sites. In: Ansari, A., Gill, S., Gill, R., Lanza, G., Newman, L. (eds) Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40148-5_3

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