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Phytoremediation of Mining Areas: An Overview of Application in Lead- and Zinc-Contaminated Soils

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Phytoremediation

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Abstract

The metals concentration in soils is connected with natural and anthropogenic factors. Mine activities, in particular, entail the release of metals into the environment, a large proportion of which are accumulated in soil. Different approaches can be considered for soil remediation. Physical and chemical technologies are well known and extensively applied, but can alter soil and landscape characteristics and entail high costs due to the wide areas involved. Conversely, phytoremediation has been universally considered as a cost-effective technique that permit to restore biological activity and physical structure of soil. Lead and zinc are among the most common contaminants in soils originated by mineral exploitation; both phytoextraction and phytostabilization can be applied in this case. On the basis of experimental results, phytoextraction of heavily polluted soils may require decades to reduce the residual metal concentration to acceptable levels. Therefore, taking into account the characteristics of mine areas, in particular size and level of contamination, phytostabilization seems the most preferable technique, while phytoextraction could be applied in those areas surrounding mine sites when soil contamination is limited. The use of amendments could enhance the process by improving the soil properties and assisting the plant growth. The identification of the ideal candidate for phytoremediation must be tailored on the individual mine site. Recently, greater attention is addressed to apply native plant species, which demonstrated a better tolerance to local conditions, and are preferable in comparison to introduced or invasive species in order to reduce possible impacts on the ecosystem.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DICAAR, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, 09123, Italy

    Tiziana Lai, Giovanna Cappai & Alessandra Carucci

  2. IGAG-CNR, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, Research National Council of Italy, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, 09123, Italy

    Giovanna Cappai & Alessandra Carucci

Authors
  1. Tiziana Lai
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  2. Giovanna Cappai
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  3. Alessandra Carucci
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Correspondence to Tiziana Lai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid Ali Ansari

  2. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Ritu Gill

  4. College of Environmental Science, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Guy R. Lanza

  5. College of Environmental Science, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Lee Newman

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Lai, T., Cappai, G., Carucci, A. (2016). Phytoremediation of Mining Areas: An Overview of Application in Lead- and Zinc-Contaminated Soils. In: Ansari, A., Gill, S., Gill, R., Lanza, G., Newman, L. (eds) Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40148-5_1

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