Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Systemic Vasculitides: Current Status and Perspectives pp 259–280Cite as

Diagnosis and Therapy for Peripheral Vasculitic Neuropathy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Vasculitic neuropathy may occur as a part of systemic vasculitis or an isolated vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system. The typical clinical syndrome is mononeuropathia multiplex, but distal-symmetric neuropathy can also be observed. Neurophysiological examination reveals axonal damage in most cases and nerve biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrates together with vessel wall damage. Treatment includes steroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, rituximab and other immunosuppressants. This chapter provides an overview about clinical, laboratory and histopathological diagnostic criteria and the current treatment options for vasculitic neuropathy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C (1999) Systemic vasculitis in adults in northwestern Spain, 1988–1997. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Medicine 78:292–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Watts RA, Carruthers DM, Scott DG (1995) Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis: changing incidence or definition? Semin Arthritis Rheum 25:28–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Davies L (1994) Vasculitic neuropathy. Bailliere’s Clin Neurol 3:193–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kissel JT, Slivka AP, Warmolts JR, Mendell JR (1985) The clinical spectrum of necrotizing angiopathy of the peripheral nervous system. Ann Neurol 18:251–257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Basu N, Watts R, Bajema I, Baslund B, Bley T, Boers M et al (2010) EULAR points to consider in the development of classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1744–1750

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL et al (1994) Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum 37:187–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Watts R, Lane S, Hanslik T, Hauser T, Hellmich B, Koldingsnes W et al (2007) Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis 66:222–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gwathmey KG, Burns TM, Collins MP, Dyck PJ (2014) Vasculitic neuropathies. Lancet Neurol 13:67–82

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Collins MP, Dyck PJ, Gronseth GS, Guillevin L, Hadden RD, Heuss D et al (2010) Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the classification, diagnosis, investigation, and immunosuppressive therapy of non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy: executive summary. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15:176–184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Beggs J, Johnson PC, Olafsen A, Watkins CJ, Cleary C (1991) Transperineurial arterioles in human sural nerve. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 50:704–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dyck PJ, Conn DL, Okazaki H (1972) Necrotizing angiopathic neuropathy. Three-dimensional morphology of fiber degeneration related to sites of occluded vessels. Mayo Clin Proc Mayo Clinic 47:461–475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Alpa M, Ferrero B, Cavallo R, Naretto C, Menegatti E, Di Simone D et al (2008) Anti-neuronal antibodies in patients with HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia. Autoimmun Rev 8:56–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Yamamoto M, Ito Y, Mitsuma N, Hattori N, Sobue G (2003) Pain-related differential expression of NGF, GDNF, IL-6, and their receptors in human vasculitic neuropathies. Intern Med 42:1100–1103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bennett DL, Groves M, Blake J, Holton JL, King RH, Orrell RW et al (2008) The use of nerve and muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of vasculitis: a 5 year retrospective study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:1376–1381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Claussen GC, Thomas TD, Goyne C, Vazquez LG, Oh SJ (2000) Diagnostic value of nerve and muscle biopsy in suspected vasculitis cases. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 1:117–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Davies L, Spies JM, Pollard JD, McLeod JG (1996) Vasculitis confined to peripheral nerves. Brain 119(Pt 5):1441–1448

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cruz Martinez A, Barbado FJ, Ferrer MT, Vazquez JJ, Perez Conde MC, Gil AA (1988) Electrophysiological study in systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis nodosa group. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 28:167–173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Seo JH, Ryan HF, Claussen GC, Thomas TD, Oh SJ (2004) Sensory neuropathy in vasculitis: a clinical, pathologic, and electrophysiologic study. Neurology 63:874–878

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Marcaud V, Gauthier C, Maisonobe T, Hogenhuis J, Morizot-Koutlidis R, Degos CF (2002) Vasculitis confined to the peripheral nervous system: atypical clinical presentation. La Revue de medecine interne/fondee par la Societe nationale francaise de medecine interne 23:558–562

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Agadi JB, Raghav G, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK (2012) Usefulness of superficial peroneal nerve/peroneus brevis muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy. J Clin Neurosci 19:1392–1396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Collins MP, Periquet-Collins I, Sahenk Z, Kissel JT (2010) Direct immunofluoresence in vasculitic neuropathy: specificity of vascular immune deposits. Muscle Nerve 42:62–69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hattori N, Ichimura M, Nagamatsu M, Li M, Yamamoto K, Kumazawa K et al (1999) Clinicopathological features of Churg-Strauss syndrome-associated neuropathy. Brain 122(Pt 3):427–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Caselli RJ, Daube JR, Hunder GG, Whisnant JP (1988) Peripheral neuropathic syndromes in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Neurology 38:685–689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Alba MA, Prieto-Gonzalez S, Cid MC (2014) Diagnosis and classification of polyarteritis nodosa. J Autoimmun 48–49:84–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hiemstra TF, Walsh M, Mahr A, Savage CO, de Groot K, Harper L et al (2010) Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for remission maintenance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 304:2381–2388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Mahr A, Mouthon L, Le Toumelin P (2011) The Five-Factor Score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine 90:19–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wolf J, Schmitt V, Palm F, Grau AJ, Bergner R (2013) Peripheral neuropathy as initial manifestation of primary systemic vasculitides. J Neurol 260:1061–1070

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moosig F, Bremer JP, Hellmich B, Holle JU, Holl-Ulrich K, Laudien M et al (2013) A vasculitis centre based management strategy leads to improved outcome in eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss, EGPA): monocentric experiences in 150 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 72:1011–1017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Oka N, Kawasaki T, Matsui M, Shigematsu K, Unuma T, Sugiyama H (2011) Two subtypes of Churg-Strauss syndrome with neuropathy: the roles of eosinophils and ANCA. Mod Rheumatol 21:290–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sable-Fourtassou R, Cohen P, Mahr A, Pagnoux C, Mouthon L, Jayne D et al (2005) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Intern Med 143:632–638

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cattaneo L, Chierici E, Pavone L, Grasselli C, Manganelli P, Buzio C et al (2007) Peripheral neuropathy in Wegener’s granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and microscopic polyangiitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1119–1123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Cisternas M, Soto L, Jacobelli S, Marinovic MA, Vargas A, Sobarzo E et al (2005) Clinical features of Wegener granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis in Chilean patients. Rev Med Chil 133:273–278

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Suppiah R, Hadden RD, Batra R, Arden NK, Collins MP, Guillevin L et al (2011) Peripheral neuropathy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: outcomes from the European Vasculitis Study Group trials. Rheumatology (Oxford) 50:2214–2222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Schonermarck U, Lamprecht P, Csernok E, Gross WL (2001) Prevalence and spectrum of rheumatic diseases associated with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 40:178–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Agard C, Mouthon L, Mahr A, Guillevin L (2003) Microscopic polyangiitis and polyarteritis nodosa: how and when do they start? Arthritis Rheum 49:709–715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ribi C, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Arene JP, Puechal X et al (2010) Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis without poor-prognosis factors: a prospective randomized study of one hundred twenty-four patients. Arthritis Rheum 62:1186–1197

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Beyer G, Schwaiger T, Lerch MM, Mayerle J (2014) IgG4-related disease: a new kid on the block or an old aquaintance? United Eur Gastroenterol J 2:165–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pieringer H, Parzer I, Wohrer A, Reis P, Oppl B, Zwerina J (2014) IgG4- related disease: an orphan disease with many faces. Orphanet J Rare Dis 9:110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Perez Alamino R, Martinez C, Espinoza LR (2013) IgG4-associated vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 15:348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ohyama K, Koike H, Takahashi M, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Watanabe H et al (2015) Immunoglobulin G4-related pathologic features in inflammatory neuropathies. Neurology 85:1400–1407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Jasmin R, Sockalingam S, Ramanaidu LP, Goh KJ (2015) Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of symmetric polyneuropathy in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 24:248–255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Oomatia A, Fang H, Petri M, Birnbaum J (2014) Peripheral neuropathies in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features, disease associations, and immunologic characteristics evaluated over a twenty-five-year study period. Arthritis Rheumatol 66:1000–1009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tekatas A, Koca SS, Tekatas DD, Aksu F, Dogru Y, Pamuk ON (2014) R-R interval variation and sympathetic skin response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 33:65–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Collins MP, Periquet MI (2008) Isolated vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system. Clin Exp Rheumatol 26:S118–S130

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Di Ciaula A, Covelli M, Berardino M, Wang DQ, Lapadula G, Palasciano G et al (2008) Gastrointestinal symptoms and motility disorders in patients with systemic scleroderma. BMC Gastroenterol 8:7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Kyriakidis NC, Kapsogeorgou EK, Tzioufas AG (2014) A comprehensive review of autoantibodies in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: clinical phenotypes and regulatory mechanisms. J Autoimmun 51:67–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Sumida T, Tsuboi H, Iizuka M, Hirota T, Asashima H, Matsumoto I (2014) The role of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reactive T cells in Sjogren’s syndrome: a critical review. J Autoimmun 51:44–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Morgen K, McFarland HF, Pillemer SR (2004) Central nervous system disease in primary Sjogrens syndrome: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Arthritis Rheum 34:623–630

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Birnbaum J (2010) Peripheral nervous system manifestations of Sjogren syndrome: clinical patterns, diagnostic paradigms, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies. Neurologist 16:287–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Schaublin GA, Michet CJ Jr, Dyck PJ, Burns TM (2005) An update on the classification and treatment of vasculitic neuropathy. Lancet Neurol 4:853–865

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Blaes F (2012) Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes–diagnosis and management. Curr Pharm Des 18:4518–4525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Johnson PC, Rolak LA, Hamilton RH, Laguna JF (1979) Paraneoplastic vasculitis of nerve: a remote effect of cancer. Ann Neurol 5:437–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Torvik A, Berntzen AE (1968) Necrotizing vasculitis without visceral involvement. Postmortem examination of three cases with affection of skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves. Acta Med Scand 184:69–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Oh SJ (1997) Paraneoplastic vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system. Neurol Clin 15:849–863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tschernatsch M, Stolz E, Strittmatter M, Kaps M, Blaes F (2005) Antinuclear antibodies define a subgroup of paraneoplastic neuropathies: clinical and immunological data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1702–1706

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. De Vita S, Soldano F, Isola M, Monti G, Gabrielli A, Tzioufas A et al (2011) Preliminary classification criteria for the cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 70:1183–1190

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Ferri C (2008) Mixed cryoglobulinemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 3:25

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH, Cid MC, Bosch X (2012) The cryoglobulinaemias. Lancet 379:348–360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gemignani F, Brindani F, Alfieri S, Giuberti T, Allegri I, Ferrari C et al (2005) Clinical spectrum of cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1410–1414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Taieb G, Maisonobe T, Musset L, Cacoub P, Leger JM, Bouche P (2010) Cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus infection: clinical and anatomical correlations of 22 cases. Rev Neurol 166:509–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Ammendola A, Sampaolo S, Ambrosone L, Ammendola E, Ciccone G, Migliaresi S et al (2005) Peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: electrophysiologic follow-up study. Muscle Nerve 31:382–385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Ciompi ML, Marini D, Siciliano G, Melchiorre D, Bazzichi L, Sartucci F et al (1996) Cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy: neurophysiologic evaluation in twenty-two patients. Biomed Pharmacother 50:329–336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Valli G, De Vecchi A, Gaddi L, Nobile-Orazio E, Tarantino A, Barbieri S (1989) Peripheral nervous system involvement in essential cryoglobulinemia and nephropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7:479–483

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cacoub P, Maisonobe T, Thibault V, Gatel A, Servan J, Musset L et al (2001) Systemic vasculitis in patients with hepatitis C. J Rheumatol 28:109–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Marques IB, Giovannoni G, Marta M (2014) Mononeuritis multiplex as the first presentation of refractory sarcoidosis responsive to etanercept. BMC Neurol 14:237

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Saito H, Yamaguchi T, Adachi Y, Yamashita T, Wakai Y, Saito K et al (2015) Neurological symptoms of Sarcoidosis-induced small fiber neuropathy effectively relieved with high-dose steroid pulse therapy. Intern Med 54:1281–1286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Singhal NS, Irodenko VS, Margeta M, Layzer RB (2015) Sarcoid polyneuropathy masquerading as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 52:664–668

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Vital A, Lagueny A, Ferrer X, Louiset P, Canron MH, Vital C (2008) Sarcoid neuropathy: clinico-pathological study of 4 new cases and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol 27:96–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Kararizou E, Davaki P, Speggos K, Stamboulis E (2012) Rare association of polyneuropathy and Crohn’s disease: a clinicopathological study of 4 cases. Pol J path 63:261–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Noel N, Drier A, Wechsler B, Piette JC, De Paz R, Dormont D et al (2014) Neurological manifestations of Behcet’s disease. La Revue de medecine interne/fondee par la Societe nationale francaise de medecine interne 35:112–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Johnson RM, Barbarini G, Barbaro G (2003) Kawasaki-like syndromes and other vasculitic syndromes in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 17(Suppl 1):S77–S82

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Roullet E, Assuerus V, Gozlan J, Ropert A, Said G, Baudrimont M et al (1994) Cytomegalovirus multifocal neuropathy in AIDS: analysis of 15 consecutive cases. Neurology 44:2174–2182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Said G, Lacroix C (2005) Primary and secondary vasculitic neuropathy. J Neurol 252:633–641

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Baratta JM, Dyck PJ, Brand P, Thaisetthawatkul P, Dyck PJ, Engelstad JK et al (2016) Vasculitic neuropathy following exposure to minocycline. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 3:e180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Thaisetthawatkul P, Sundell R, Robertson CE, Dyck PJ (2011) Vasculitic neuropathy associated with minocycline use. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 12:231–234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Schapira D, Balbir-Gurman A, Nahir AM (2000) Naproxen-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol 19:242–244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Vrancken AF, Said G (2013) Vasculitic neuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol 115:463–483

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Cassereau J, Baguenier-Desormeaux C, Letournel F, Lavigne C, Leclech C, Dubas F et al (2012) Necrotizing vasculitis revealed in a case of multiple mononeuropathy after a 14-year course of spontaneous remissions and relapses. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 114:290–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Collins MP, Periquet MI, Mendell JR, Sahenk Z, Nagaraja HN, Kissel JT (2003) Nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy: insights from a clinical cohort. Neurology 61:623–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Uceyler N, Geng A, Reiners K, Toyka KV, Sommer C (2015) Non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy: single-center follow-up of 60 patients. J Neurol 262:2092–2100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Collins MP (2012) The vasculitic neuropathies: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 25:573–585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Massie R, Mauermann ML, Staff NP, Amrami KK, Mandrekar JN, Dyck PJ et al (2012) Diabetic cervical radiculoplexus neuropathy: a distinct syndrome expanding the spectrum of diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies. Brain 135:3074–3088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Garces-Sanchez M, Laughlin RS, Dyck PJ, Engelstad JK, Norell JE, Dyck PJ (2011) Painless diabetic motor neuropathy: a variant of diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus Neuropathy? Ann Neurol 69:1043–1054

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Dyck PJ, Norell JE, Dyck PJ (1999) Microvasculitis and ischemia in diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. Neurology 53:2113–2121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Blaes F (2015) Diagnosis and therapeutic options for peripheral vasculitic neuropathy. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 7:45–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Levy Y, Uziel Y, Zandman GG, Amital H, Sherer Y, Langevitz P et al (2003) Intravenous immunoglobulins in peripheral neuropathy associated with vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 62:1221–1223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Geltner D (1981) The place of plasmapheresis in immune complex disease. Harefuah 101:77–78

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Geltner D, Kohn RW, Gorevic P, Franklin EC (1981) The effect of combination therapy (steroids, immunosuppressives, and plasmapheresis) on 5 mixed cryoglobulinemia patients with renal, neurologic, and vascular involvement. Arthritis Rheum 24:1121–1127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Monti G, Saccardo F (2007) Emergency in cryoglobulinemic syndrome: what to do? Dig Liver Dis 39(Suppl 1):S112–S115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, Seo P, Langford CA, Hoffman GS et al (2010) Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 363:221–232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Metzler C, Miehle N, Manger K, Iking-Konert C, de Groot K, Hellmich B et al (2007) Elevated relapse rate under oral methotrexate versus leflunomide for maintenance of remission in Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46:1087–1091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Silva F, Specks U, Kalra S, Hogan MC, Leung N, Sethi S et al (2010) Mycophenolate mofetil for induction and maintenance of remission in microscopic polyangiitis with mild to moderate renal involvement–a prospective, open-label pilot trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:445–453

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Maneiro JR, Lopez-Canoa N, Salgado E, Gomez-Reino JJ (2014) Maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis with mycophenolate or azathioprine: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 53:834–838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. De Vita S, Quartuccio L, Isola M, Mazzaro C, Scaini P, Lenzi M et al (2012) A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 64:843–853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ferri C, Marzo E, Longombardo G, Lombardini F, La Civita L, Vanacore R et al (1993) Interferon-alpha in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients: a randomized, crossover-controlled trial. Blood 81:1132–1136

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Rieu V, Cohen P, Andre MH, Mouthon L, Godmer P, Jarrousse B et al (2002) Characteristics and outcome of 49 patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41:290–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Boonyapisit K, Katirji B (2002) Severe exacerbation of hepatitis C-associated vasculitic neuropathy following treatment with interferon alpha: a case report and literature review. Muscle Nerve 25:909–913

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Stubgen JP (2009) Interferon alpha and neuromuscular disorders. J Neuroimmunol 207:3–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ferri C, Cacoub P, Mazzaro C, Roccatello D, Scaini P, Sebastiani M et al (2011) Treatment with rituximab in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome: results of multicenter cohort study and review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 11:48–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Dammacco F, Tucci FA, Lauletta G, Gatti P, De Re V, Conteduca V et al (2010) Pegylated interferon-alpha, ribavirin, and rituximab combined therapy of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: a long-term study. Blood 116:343–353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Chia L, Fernandez A, Lacroix C, Adams D, Plante V, Said G (1996) Contribution of nerve biopsy findings to the diagnosis of disabling neuropathy in the elderly. A retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients. Brain 119(Pt 4):1091–1098

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Koike H, Sobue G (2013) Clinicopathological features of neuropathy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Nephrol 17:683–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Ohyama K, Koike H, Masuda M, Sone J, Hashimoto R, Tomita M et al (2013) Autonomic manifestations in acute sensory ataxic neuropathy: a case report. Auton Neurosci 179:155–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. de Souza FH, Radu Halpern AS, Valente Barbas CS, Shinjo SK (2010) Wegener’s granulomatosis: experience from a Brazilian tertiary center. Clin Rheumatol 29:855–860

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2008) Hepatitis C virus infection induced vasculitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 35:30–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Servioli L, Perez C, Consani S, Suarez A, Sehabiaga G, Collazo C et al (2007) Prevalence and characteristics of immunomediated neuropathies in a group of patients with autoimmune diseases. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 9:285–290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Agarwal V, Singh R, Wiclaf CS, Tahlan A, Ahuja CK et al (2008) A clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological study of neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 27:841–844

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Voskuyl AE, Hazes JM, Zwinderman AH, Paleolog EM, van der Meer FJ, Daha MR et al (2003) Diagnostic strategy for the assessment of rheumatoid vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 62:407–413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Delalande S, de Seze J, Fauchais AL, Hachulla E, Stojkovic T, Ferriby D et al (2004) Neurologic manifestations in primary Sjogren syndrome: a study of 82 patients. Medicine 83:280–291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Terrier B, Lacroix C, Guillevin L, Hatron PY, Dhote R, Maillot F et al (2007) Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of neuromuscular biopsy in primary Sjogren’s syndrome-related neuropathy. Arthritis Rheum 57:1520–1529

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Dyck PJ, Hunder GG, Dyck PJ (1997) A case-control and nerve biopsy study of CREST multiple mononeuropathy. Neurology 49:1641–1645

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Oh SJ, Slaughter R, Harrell L (1991) Paraneoplastic vasculitic neuropathy: a treatable neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 14:152–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Kermani TA, Ham EK, Camilleri MJ, Warrington KJ (2012) Polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis in association with minocycline use: a single-center case series. Semin Arthritis Rheum 42:213–221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ogawa N, Kawai H, Yamakawa I, Sanada M, Sugimoto T, Maeda K (2010) Case of minocycline-induced vasculitic neuropathy. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 50:301–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Pary LF, Henszel A, Kelkar P (2004) Vasculitic mononeuritis multiplex induced by valacyclovir. Neurology 62:1906–1907

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Manousakis G, Koch J, Sommerville RB, El-Dokla A, Harms MB, Al-Lozi MT et al (2013) Multifocal radiculoneuropathy during ipilimumab treatment of melanoma. Muscle Nerve 48:440–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Mauermann ML, Blumenreich MS, Dispenzieri A, Staff NP (2012) A case of peripheral nerve microvasculitis associated with multiple myeloma and bortezomib treatment. Muscle Nerve 46:970–977

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Mauermann ML, Ryan ML, Moon JS, Klein CJ (2007) Case of mononeuritis multiplex onset with rituximab therapy for Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. J Neurol Sci 260:240–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Frigui M, Kechaou M, Haddouk S, Masmoudi A, Kaddour N, Masmoudi H et al (2008) Benzylthiouracil induced ANCA-positive vasculitis: study of three cases and review of the literature. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 69:517–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Gummersbach Academic Teaching Hospital, Wilhelm-Breckow-Allee 20, 51643, Gummersbach, Germany

    Franz Blaes

Authors
  1. Franz Blaes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Franz Blaes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy

    Franco Dammacco

  2. University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy

    Domenico Ribatti

  3. University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy

    Angelo Vacca

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blaes, F. (2016). Diagnosis and Therapy for Peripheral Vasculitic Neuropathy. In: Dammacco, F., Ribatti, D., Vacca, A. (eds) Systemic Vasculitides: Current Status and Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40136-2_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation