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Mummy Studies and the Soft Tissue Evidence of Care

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New Developments in the Bioarchaeology of Care

Part of the book series: Bioarchaeology and Social Theory ((BST))

Abstract

The investigation of care in the bioarchaeological record has focused on two broad circumstances: (1) long-term survival with disability in which functional independence is impossible and (2) healed/healing trauma or illness that would have necessitated intervention or care to ensure recovery and survival. These conditions reflect relatively extreme, life-or-death circumstances and thus provide the clearest opportunity to observe care. The preservation of soft tissue, however, not only affords the opportunity to observe a wider range of pathological conditions but presumably a greater chance of observing, or inferring, evidence of care. The first part of this chapter is a synthesis of the degree to which researchers have engaged (explicitly or otherwise) with the concept of care in the analysis of mummified remains. The second component of the chapter will focus on the case of an eighteenth to nineteenth century mummy from the Piraino Mother Church, in the province of Messina, Sicily. This individual exhibits evidence of pleural adhesions, whipworm infection, and skeletal evidence of multiple myeloma. Some level of care may be inferred based our understanding of the progression of this cancer. Care is more directly supported based on results of palynological analyses through which plants with known medicinal properties were identified.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    While ayahuasca is a term that is commonly applied to both the hallucinogenic drink and the Banisteriopsis plant from which it is partially derived, the term is perhaps best reserved just for the drink. Luna (2011) refers to the plant and the preparation made solely from it as caapi (Luna, 2011). Based on this nomenclature, the detection of harmine by Ogalde and colleagues (2009) in mummified remains, coupled with the absence of DMT, would point to the drinking of caapi rather than the hallucinogenic drink ayahuasca.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Alecia A. Schrenk and Lorna Tilley for organizing the 2015 Society for American Archaeology session where this material was originally presented. We also thank Stephanie Panzer and Karl Reinhard for all their work on the remains from the Piraino Mother Church. Lastly, the comments and suggestions of two external reviewers were very much appreciated and helped improve the focus of the chapter.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA

    Kenneth Nystrom Ph.D.

  2. Department of Cultural Heritage and Sicilian Identity, Sicilian Region, Palermo, Italy

    Dario Piombino-Mascali Ph.D.

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  1. Kenneth Nystrom Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Kenneth Nystrom Ph.D. .

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  1. School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Lorna Tilley

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

    Alecia A. Schrenk

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Nystrom, K., Piombino-Mascali, D. (2017). Mummy Studies and the Soft Tissue Evidence of Care. In: Tilley, L., Schrenk, A. (eds) New Developments in the Bioarchaeology of Care. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39901-0_10

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