Abstract
Chapter 3 explores inter-Somali negotiations. It assesses the search for a way out of the stalemate between Somalia and Somaliland over the latter’s quest for independence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The president, prime minister and speaker of Somalia’s federal parliament echoed the sacredness of Somalia’s unity during the celebrations for the 53rd anniversary of south Somalia’s independence from Italy on 1 July 2013.
- 2.
Retrieved from a video of an interview with Somalia’s late president, Mohamed Ibrahim Egal, on 20 January 1994. The interview was conducted by three Djiboutian journalists in Djibouti.
- 3.
Ibid: 2.
- 4.
Retrieved from Al Jazeera’s English interview with Somaliland’s president, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud a.k.a Silanyo, on 18 May 2013. The interview was conducted in Hargeisa, Somaliland.
- 5.
Retrieved from the president’s public speech on 18 May 2013, an ardently patriotic celebratory event organised around the world by the Somaliland government.
- 6.
Retrieved from a Somaliland National TV interview with a Somaliland citizen in the heart of Hargeisa.
- 7.
Retrieved from an interview by the BBC Somali Section, 23 February 2013, Hargeisa.
- 8.
I participated in the debate, which took place on 26 April 2013 in Hargeisa.
- 9.
The abbreviation for the United People’s Democratic Party is from the Somali name, Ururka Dimuqraadiga Ummada Bahowday. Kulmiye is a shortened version of the Somali name, Kulmiye Nabad, Midnimo iyo horumar iyo.
- 10.
Retrieved from the panel discussion moderated by the BBC Somali Section on 19 April 2013 regarding the Somaliland–Somalia negotiations organised by the Turkish government on 13 April 2013.
- 11.
A crucial official in Somalia’s military government, he served as a general in the Somali armed forces, as defence minister from 1980 to 1986 and as prime minister from 1987 to 1990. He was one of the 25 officers who overthrew Somalia’s last civilian-elected government on 21 October 1969.
- 12.
Comments in Geeska Afrika newspaper by Colonel Omar Mohamed Nim’ale, former interior minister of the Somaliland Republic, 26 May 2013, Vol. 6, Geeska Afrika, Hargeisa.
- 13.
Observed from the practice of Somaliland’s foreign policy and the general situation in the wider region.
- 14.
Ibid: 15.
- 15.
Ibid: 1.
- 16.
Somaliland’s foreign policy was hijacked by a small number of people who move from one place to another without considering the interests of the state.
- 17.
In Somaliland politics, there is a kind of tit-for-tat policy or, in a broader sense, an “inward looking” politics among politicians and political parties. Such politics not only hamper the nation’s promising recovery but also undermine healing and confidence-building efforts among citizens.
- 18.
Somaliland has entered into formal and informal cooperative arrangements with a variety of states and intergovernmental organisations, including Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Denmark, the UK, the USA and the UN. Cooperation has included security, trade, immigration and development assistance.
- 19.
This can be observed in the current practices of Egypt with regard to Somalia’s politics and the ongoing hot debate between Ethiopia and Egypt about the construction of the Renaissance Dam in northern Ethiopia.
- 20.
Observed from the practices of Somaliland’s political system since the country’s inception, and the perceptions of its citizens about Somali unity.
References
Ali, N.M. (2011). Ethio-Somaliland relations post-1991: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4, 1–10.
Ali, N. M. (2013). Overcoming Diplomatic Isolation: Forging a New Somaliland Approach. Hargeisa: Social Research and Development Institute, 3, 1–20.
Ali, N. M. (2014). Tracing the lost treasury—Understanding the past, the present and the future. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(1), 142–151.
Bulhan, H. A. (2008). Politics of Cain: One Hundred Years of Crises in Somali Politics and Society (1st ed.). Bethesda, MD: Tayosan International Publishing.
Carroll, A. J., & Rajagopal, B. (1993). The case for the independent statehood of Somaliland. American University Journal of International Law and Policy, 8(2/3), 653–683.
Contini, P. (1969). The Somali Republic: An Experiment in Legal Integration. London: Frank Cass and Co.
Dhegaweyne, I. (2013). Ninka Madaxbanaanida Somaliland ee ku timid dhiiga, in ciiyaar lagu keenay moodayaa waa nimaan habeen jirin, in wada hadal lala galaana waa xaaraan, maxaa yeelay aan wada hadalno waa aan heshiino. Haatuf Interview Vol. 3295, viewed on 21 May 2013, Haatuf Newspaper, Hargeisa.
Dualeh, H. (2002). Searching for a New Somali Identity. Printed in the Republic of Kenya.
Habte Selassie, B. (1980). Conflict and Intervention in the Horn of Africa. Printed in the United States of America, Monthly Review Press.
Haldén, P. (2008). Somalia: Failed State or Nascent States-System? (pp. 11–58). Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency.
Hall, D. (1961). Somaliland’s last year as a protectorate. African Affairs, LX(238), 26–37.
Harper, M. (2012). Getting Somalia Wrong?: Faith, War and Hope in a Shattered State. London: Zed Books.
Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2009). Somaliland: “Hostage to Peace”—Threats to Human Rights and Democracy in Somaliland. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Hussein, A. (1994). Formation and recognition of new states: Somaliland in contrast to Eritrea. Review of African Political Economy, 21(59), 21–38.
International Crisis Group (ICG). (2006). Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership. Africa Report No. 110, Addis Ababa; Brussels; Hargeisa: International Crisis Group.
International Crisis Group (ICG). (2008). Somalia: To Move Beyond the Failed State. Africa Report No. 147. Nairobi and Brussels: International Crisis Group.
Lewis, I. M. (2002). A Modern History of the Somali: Revised, Updated and Expanded (4th ed.). UK: Long House Publishing Services.
Menkhaus, K. (2003). State collapse in Somalia: Second thoughts. Review of African Political Economy, 30(97), 405–422.
Meredith, M. (2006). The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence. UK: The Free Press.
Mesfin Wolde-Mariam. (1977). Somalia: The Problem Child of Africa. Addis Ababa: Artistic Printing Press.
Nim’ale, O. (2013). Col. Cumar Nimcaale oo si adag ugu jawaabay Xasan Sheekh, Farolena u hanjabay. Geeska Afrika, Vol. 6, viewed on 26 May 2013. Geeska Afrika, Hargeisa.
Pakenham, T. (1991). The Scramble for Africa. England: Clays Ltd, St. Ives Plc.
Schoiswohl, M. (2004). Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law: The Case of “Somaliland”. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Tannock, C. (2009). Stabilizing the Horn. The Reporter, viewed on 31 October 2009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ali, N.M. (2017). Somaliland—Negotiating with Somalia: Is it an Option or a Foreign Imposition?. In: Bereketeab, R. (eds) State Building and National Identity Reconstruction in the Horn of Africa . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39892-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39892-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39891-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39892-1
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)