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Astronomy at High Angular Resolution pp 17–41Cite as

Adaptive Optics in High-Contrast Imaging

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Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 439))

Abstract

While most confirmed exoplanets were discovered by indirect techniques such as radial velocities or transits, adaptive optics (AO) assisted direct imaging is a very rich and complementary method that can reveal the orbital motion of the planet, the spectrophotometry of its atmosphere but also the architecture and properties of its circumstellar environment . It can unveil possible interactions with a disc, whether a proto-planetary disc in case of on-going planetary accretion, or a debris disc for more evolved, gas-poor systems. From a statistical point of view, it probes a region, in the mass versus semi-major axis discovery space, different from other techniques, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. Reaching a uniform sampling of such a parameter space is essential to derive the frequency of planets as a function of mass and semi-major axis, and therefore constrain the planet formation mechanisms. For instance, theories of planet formation predict a higher efficiency of giant planet formation close to the snow line , where radial velocity and transit techniques are poorly sensitive. They require additional ingredients such as migrations and orbital instabilities to explain the current view depicted in Fig. 2.1.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For extended structures, the contrast is defined per resolution element.

  2. 2.

    Some of them being covered in this book.

  3. 3.

    Hence the use of Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EM-CCD), for instance in VLT/SPHERE.

  4. 4.

    Except for polarimetry where high polarimetric accuracy may drive the need for a different stabilisation scheme.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ESO, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

    Julien Milli & Julien H. Girard

  2. Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Dimitri Mawet

  3. IPAG, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cédex 9, France

    David Mouillet

  4. ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Markus Kasper

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  1. ESO Vitacura, Santiago de Chile, Chile

    Henri M. J. Boffin

  2. ESO, Garching, Germany

    Gaitee Hussain

  3. ESO Vitacura, Santiago de Chile, Chile

    Jean-Philippe Berger

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Milli, J., Mawet, D., Mouillet, D., Kasper, M., Girard, J.H. (2016). Adaptive Optics in High-Contrast Imaging. In: Boffin, H., Hussain, G., Berger, JP., Schmidtobreick, L. (eds) Astronomy at High Angular Resolution. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 439. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39739-9_2

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