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Orthodontics

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Abstract

Orthodontics consists of the manipulation of teeth and bones using external forces, biological processes, and growth. Appliances to help correct the position of the teeth can be found dating back to 1000 B.C. and ancient Egypt. One of the first textbooks describing orthodontic treatment was written by Norman Kingsley in 1879. Edward H. Angle, known as the “father of modern orthodontics,” established the Angle School of Orthodontia in 1900 and made orthodontics the first specialty in dentistry. In addition, he also established many of the tenets by which we classify normal occlusion today (Asbell 1990).

Orthodontics has evolved in many ways in the past century from banding of teeth to preadjusted brackets and clear aligner treatment, such as Invisalign®. People seek treatment for various reasons including craniofacial abnormalities, protrusive teeth, crowding, and difficulty maintaining healthy teeth, speech issues, and esthetics. The American Association of Orthodontists believes that 75 % of the population would benefit from some sort of orthodontic treatment and recommends that children have an evaluation by an orthodontist by age 7. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the general dentist with the basic diagnostic principles in orthodontics, reasons to refer a patient to an orthodontist, the use of orthodontics in restorative treatment, and recommendations for simple Invisalign® cases. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of orthodontic diagnosis or treatment; rather it is a condensed description of important factors for general practitioners to be aware of.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Eddy J. Sedeño III DMD, MS, Melissa Alfonso DMD, MS & Calogero Dolce DMD, MS

Authors
  1. Eddy J. Sedeño III DMD, MS
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  2. Melissa Alfonso DMD, MS
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  3. Calogero Dolce DMD, MS
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eddy J. Sedeño III DMD, MS .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

    Geraldine M. Weinstein

  2. Wellspring Dental, Brooklyn, New York, USA

    Mitchell T. Zientz

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Sedeño, E.J., Alfonso, M., Dolce, C. (2017). Orthodontics. In: Weinstein, G., Zientz, M. (eds) The Dental Reference Manual. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39730-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39730-6_17

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39728-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39730-6

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