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Magmatic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes and Its Relation with Subduction Processes

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Geodynamic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes

Part of the book series: Springer Earth System Sciences ((SPRINGEREARTH))

Abstract

The magmatic arc in the southernmost Andes is represented by the Fuegian Batholith and satellite plutons, plus minor volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences. Magmatism was active from the Late Jurassic to the Miocene in response to subduction of the Pacific plates beneath South America. The batholith was constructed episodically and includes a calc-alkaline trench-side arc and shoshonitic rear-arc suites. The oldest components are minor S-like granitoids; recent volcanism is very scarce. The volcanic front shifted, and the composition of magmas changed several times due to a variable subduction configuration. Major tectonic events included the opening and closure of the Rocas Verdes marginal basin in the Jurassic–Cretaceous and oroclinal bending during the latest Cretaceous–Paleogene. A well-established slab shallowing event initiated in the mid-Cretaceous, causing a cratonward migration of the volcanic front, the widening of the arc, and inception of potassic magmatism in the rear-arc. This event was associated with marginal basin inversion, regional peak metamorphism, and orogenic deformation. Different timing and position of rear-arc suites with respect to the volcanic front in the Fuegian and Southern Patagonian Andes may have been influenced by differential development of the marginal basin, which was wider to the south. The vanishing of magmatism in the Miocene may have responded to highly oblique convergence plus buoyant subduction.

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Acknowledgments

My special thanks to Márcio Martins Pimentel (Brasilia University) for providing the geochronological data commented in this review. I also appreciate Mónica Escayola and Daniel Acevedo’s comments and field assistance during my Ph.D. research; part of the latter has been included in this chapter. Mara Uría helped with translation into English.

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  1. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas CADIC-CONICET, and Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina

    Mauricio González Guillot

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Correspondence to Mauricio González Guillot .

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  1. National Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Matías C. Ghiglione

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Guillot, M.G. (2016). Magmatic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes and Its Relation with Subduction Processes. In: C. Ghiglione, M. (eds) Geodynamic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39727-6_3

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