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Platelet Contents

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Molecular and Cellular Biology of Platelet Formation

Abstract

Following their release from megakaryocytes, platelets circulate as tiny sentinels of the vasculature. In this capacity, they are equipped with organelles and membrane systems that contribute to many aspects of host defense including hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing [1–5]. Prominent in their armory are granules, self-contained vesicular structures that store high concentrations of bioactive cargos. Granule cargos are released from activated platelets in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological settings and function to maintain the integrity of blood vessels [6–9]. The most prominent platelet organelles, dense granules and α-granules, are unique to platelets. However, platelets also contain a number of organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria that are common to all eukaryotic cells. Although these organelles primarily serve housekeeping functions, there is evidence that they also participate more directly in maintenance of vascular integrity. In addition, as a consequence of its unusual mode of biogenesis, the platelet is endowed with unique membrane systems including the open canalicular system (OCS) and dense tubular system (DTS) that course throughout its interior [10, 11]. These membrane systems also contribute to the function of platelets in host defense. This chapter will provide an overview of platelet contents with a focus on platelet granules.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by HL112809, HL125275, and HL112302 from NHLBI. The author would like to acknowledge the many significant contributions to the field of platelet granule secretion that were not cited in this chapter owing to space limitations.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Robert Flaumenhaft MD, PhD & Secil Koseoglu

  2. Center for Life Science, Rm 905, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Robert Flaumenhaft MD, PhD

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  1. Robert Flaumenhaft MD, PhD
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  2. Secil Koseoglu
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Correspondence to Robert Flaumenhaft MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Harald Schulze

  2. Vascular Biology Programm, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Italiano

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Flaumenhaft, R., Koseoglu, S. (2016). Platelet Contents. In: Schulze, H., Italiano, J. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Biology of Platelet Formation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39562-3_6

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