Skip to main content

Effects of Miniaturization at Different Stages of the Life Cycle

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
At the Size Limit - Effects of Miniaturization in Insects
  • 862 Accesses

Abstract

Adults and larvae or nymphs of microinsects display both similar and different miniaturization-related features. The nature of differences in such features depends above all on the type of metamorphosis and mode of life. In hemimetabolous microinsects, as in larger holometabolous insects, the body plans of adults and nymphs are almost identical, and many organ systems have much more complex structure than those of larvae of holometabolous insects of the same size class. This is true, above all, of the central nervous system and musculature. In the smallest insects, as in other animals, the relative volumes of organs change during ontogeny; different groups of microinsects strongly differ in patterns of this allometry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bate, C. M. (1976). Embryogenesis of an insect nervous system I. A map of the thoracic and abdominal neuroblasts in Locusta migratoria. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 35, 107–123.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beutel, R. G., Pohl, H., & Hunefeld, F. (2005). Strepsipteran brain and effect of miniaturization (Insecta). Arthropod Structure & Development, 34(3), 301–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, G. (2010). Reproduction and immature development of egg parasitoids. In F. L. Consoli, J. R. P. Parra, & R. A. Zucchi (Eds.), Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma (pp. 1–23). Houten: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doe, C. Q., & Goodman, C. S. (1985). Early events in insect neurogenesis. I. Development and segmental differences in the pattern of neuronal precursor cells. Development Biology, 111, 193–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogel’, V. A. (1954). Олигомеризация гомологичных органов как один из главных путей эволюции животных (Oligomerization of homologous organs as one of the main paths of evolution of animals). Leningrad: Leningrad Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinke, W. (1961). Das relative postembryonale wachstum der hirnteile von Culex pipiens, Drosophila melanogaster und Drosophila-mutanten. Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie und Oekologie der Tiere, 50(1), 81–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (1952). Постэмбриональное развитие Prestwichia aquatica Lubb. (Hymenoptera) (The Postembryonic development of Prestwichia aquatica Lubb. (Hymenoptera)). Trudy Leningradskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelej, 71(4), 165–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (1954). Вопросы эволюции эмбрионального развития у перепончатокрылых (Hymenoptera) (On the evolution of postembryonic development of Hymenoptera). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo ehntomologicheskogo obshchestva, 44, 301–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (1961). Очерки по сравнительной эмбриологии перепончатокрылых (Essays on the comparative embryology of Hymenoptera). Leningrad: Leningrad Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1988a). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 1. Embryonalentwicklung. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 117, 1–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1988b). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 2. Erst- und Zweitlarve. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 117, 299–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1989a). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 3. Praepupa und Pupa. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 118, 15–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1989b). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 4. Imago-Kopf. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 118, 273–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1989c). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 5. Imago-Thorax. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 118, 391–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, G. (1989d). Die Ontogenese der Thysanoptera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fransenflüglers Hercinothrips femoralis (O.M. Reuter 1891) 6. Imago-Abdomen. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 119, 157–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osswald, J., Pohl, H., & Beutel, R. G. (2010). Extremely miniaturised and highly complex: the thoracic morphology of the first instar larva of Mengenilla chobauti (Insecta, Strepsiptera). Arthropod Structure & Development, 39(4), 287–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panov, A. A. (1957). Строение головного мозга насекомых на последовательных этапах постэмбрионального развития (Structure of the insect cerebrum at consecutive stages of postembrynic development). Entomologiceskoe Obozrenie, 36(2), 269–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panov, A. A. (1959). О формировании гломерулярной структуры нейропиля обонятельной доли мозга насекомых (On the formation of glomerular structure of the neuropil of the olfactory lobe of the insect cerebrum). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 38(5), 775–777.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panov, A. A. (1960a). Строение головного мозга насекомых на последовательных этапах постэмбрионального развития: 2. Центральное тело (Structure of the cerebrum at consecutive stages of postembryonic development: 2. Central body). Entomologiceskoe Obozrenie, 38(2), 86–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panov, A. A. (1960b). Строение головного мозга насекомых на последовательных этапах постэмбрионального развития: 3. Зрительные доли (Structure of the cerebrum at consecutive stages of postembryonic development: 3. Optic lobes). Entomologiceskoe Obozrenie, 39(1), 86–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panov, A. A. (1961). Строение головного мозга насекомых на последовательных этапах постэмбрионального развития: 4. Обонятельный центр (Structure of the cerebrum in insects at consecutive stages of postembryonic development: 4. Olfactory center). Entomologiceskoe Obozrenie, 40(2), 259–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, H. (2000). Die Primärlarven der Fächerflügler – evolutionäre Trends (Insecta, Strepsiptera). Kaupia, 10, 1–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polilov, A. A. (2016). Anatomy of adult and first instar nymph of book lice Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Entomological Review (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Polilov, A. A., & Beutel, R. G. (2009). Miniaturization effects in larvae and adults of Mikado sp. (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae), one of the smallest free-living insects. Arthropod Structure & Development, 38(3), 247–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polilov, A. A., & Beutel, R. G. (2010). Developmental stages of the hooded beetle Sericoderus lateralis (Coleoptera: Corylophidae) with comments on the phylogenetic position and effects of miniaturization. Arthropod Structure & Development, 39(1), 52–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polilov, A. A., & Shmakov, A. S. (2016). The anatomy of the thrips Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) and its specific features caused by miniaturization. Arthropod Structure & Development (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegerhoff, R., & Breidbach, O. (1992). Die entwicklung des zentral komplexes beim käfer. studie zur ontogenie eines zentralen hirnbereiches. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 85, 1–92.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexey A. Polilov .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Polilov, A.A. (2016). Effects of Miniaturization at Different Stages of the Life Cycle. In: At the Size Limit - Effects of Miniaturization in Insects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39499-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics