Abstract
Direct and indirect persuasions are well known routes for delivering persuasive messages. However, designing and building IS&T artifacts that deliver a persuasion message indirectly is not explored enough yet. This DSR study reports the design, building and evaluation of an indirect persuasion technology. We focus on energy conservation application. Four principles of direct and indirect persuasive design are presented. In addition, these principles are utilized to design and build two different IS&T artifacts: an e-fotonovela application as an indirect persuasion route and the text messaging system as a direct persuasion route. A field study was conducted to evaluate each route. The immediate route effectiveness was measured by a post-survey. Furthermore, results from a longitudinal survey (after one year) showed that indirect persuasion is better remembered than the direct persuasion. This is a significant finding with important implications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2006). http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/archive/
OECD.org: Electricity Information 2015. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris (2015)
Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Vlek, C., Rothengatter, T.: A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. J. Environ. Psychol. 25, 273–291 (2005)
Fernandez, R., Watterson, J.: End-user GHG emissions from energy. Reallocation of Emissions from Energy Industries to End Users 2005–2009 (2011)
Froehlich, J., Findlater, L., Landay, J.: The design of eco-feedback technology. In: Proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1999–2008. ACM (2010)
Alahmad, M.A., Wheeler, P.G., Schwer, A., Eiden, J., Brumbaugh, A.: A comparative study of three feedback devices for residential real-time energy monitoring. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 59, 2002–2013 (2012)
Shiraishi, M., Washio, Y., Takayama, C., Lehdonvirta, V., Kimura, H., Nakajima, T.: Using individual, social and economic persuasion techniques to reduce CO2 emissions in a family setting. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, pp. 13:1–13:8. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2009)
Foster, D., Blythe, M., Cairns, P., Lawson, S.: Competitive carbon counting: can social networking sites make saving energy more enjoyable? In: CHI 2010 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 4039–4044. ACM (2010)
Fogg, B.J.: Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do. Ubiquity 2002 (2002)
Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T.: The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Springer, Heidelberg (1986)
Aleahmad, T., Balakrishnan, A.D., Wong, J., Fussell, S.R., Kiesler, S.: Fishing for sustainability: the effects of indirect and direct persuasion. In: CHI 2008 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3021–3026. ACM (2008)
Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Harjumaa, M.: Persuasive systems design: key issues, process model, and system features. Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 24, 28 (2009)
Torning, K., Oinas-Kukkonen, H.: Persuasive system design: state of the art and future directions. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, p. 30. ACM (2009)
Alharbi, O., Chatterjee, S.: BrightDark: a smartphone app utilizing e-fotonovela and text messages to increase energy conservation awareness. In: MacTavish, T., Basapur, S. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2015. LNCS, vol. 9072, pp. 95–106. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Watson, R., Boudreau, M.-C.: Energy Informatics. Green ePress, Athens (2011)
Goebel, C., Jacobsen, H.-A., Del Razo, V., Doblander, M.F.C., Rivera, D.-I.J., Ilg, D.-I.W.J., Flath, C., Schmeck, H., Weinhardt, C., Pathmaperuma, D.-I.D., et al.: Energy Informatics. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 6, 25–31 (2014)
Steg, L., Gardner, G.T., Stern, P.C.: Environmental problems and human behavior, 2nd edn. Pearson Custom Publishing, Boston (2005). ISBN 0-536-68633-5, $57.33, 2002 (371 pp.). Nickerson, R.S.: Psychology and Environmental Change. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, ISBN 0-8058-4096-6, $89.95(cloth), $37.50(paper), 2003 (318 pp.). J. Environ. Psychol. 25, 120–123
PIER: Office Plug Loads: Energy Use and Opportunities. Public Interest Energy Research (2012)
Kennedy, G.A.: The Art of persuasion in Greece. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1963)
Roloff, M.E., Miller, G.R.: Persuasion: New Directions in Theory and Research. Sage, Beverly Hills (1980)
Simons, H.W.: Requirements, problems, and strategies: a theory of persuasion for social movements. Q. J. Speech 56, 1–11 (1970)
Aronson, E.: The power of self-persuasion. Am. Psychol. 54, 875 (1999)
Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Harjumaa, M.: Towards deeper understanding of persuasion in software and information systems. In: 2008 First International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interaction, pp. 200–205. IEEE (2008)
Chatterjee, S., Byun, J., Pottathil, A., Moore, M.N., Dutta, K., Xie, H.Q.: Persuasive sensing: a novel in-home monitoring technology to assist elderly adult diabetic patients. In: Bang, M., Ragnemalm, E.L. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7284, pp. 31–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Somers, C.L., Fahlman, M.M.: Effectiveness of the “Baby Think It Over” teen pregnancy prevention program. J. Sch. Health 71, 188 (2001)
Miranda, B., Jere, C., Alharbi, O., Lakshmi, S., Khouja, Y., Chatterjee, S.: Examining the efficacy of a persuasive technology package in reducing texting and driving behavior. In: Berkovsky, S., Freyne, J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2013. LNCS, vol. 7822, pp. 137–148. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Ojo, A., Chatterjee, S., Neighbors, H.W., Piatt, G., Moulik, S., Neighbors, B.D., Abelson, J., Krenz, C., Jones, D., et al.: OH-BUDDY: mobile phone texting based intervention for diabetes and oral health management. In: 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 803–813. IEEE (2015)
Geller, E.S.: The challenge of increasing proenvironment behavior. In: Handbook Environment Psychology, pp. 525–540 (2002)
Hevner, A., Chatterjee, S.: Design Science Research in Information Systems, pp. 23–31. Springer, Boston (2010)
McQuarrie, E.F., Phillips, B.J.: Indirect persuasion in advertising: how consumers process metaphors presented in pictures and words. J. Advert. 34, 7–20 (2005)
Hernandez, M.Y., Organista, K.C.: Entertainment–education? A fotonovela? A new strategy to improve depression literacy and help-seeking behaviors in at-risk immigrant Latinas. Am. J. Community Psychol. 52, 224–235 (2013)
Unger, J.B., Molina, G.B., Baron, M.: Evaluation of sweet temptations, a fotonovela for diabetes education. Hisp. Health Care Int. 7, 145–152 (2009)
Valle, R., Yamada, A.-M., Matiella, A.C.: Fotonovelas: a health literacy tool for educating Latino older adults about dementia. Clin. Gerontol. 30, 71–88 (2006)
Gregor, S., Hevner, A.R.: Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact. MIS Q. 37, 337–356 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alharbi, O., Chatterjee, S. (2016). Design of an Awareness Smartphone Platform Based on Direct and Indirect Persuasion for Energy Conservation. In: Parsons, J., Tuunanen, T., Venable, J., Donnellan, B., Helfert, M., Kenneally, J. (eds) Tackling Society's Grand Challenges with Design Science. DESRIST 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9661. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39293-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39294-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)