Abstract
Congenital anomalies of kidney rotation, position, and fusion are very common and are frequently identified by chance. They can be considered as a “normal variant,” as long as they do not cause complications or are related to other problems such as urinary drainage impairment, dysplasia, VUR, infection, or other associated malformations. This chapter describes the embryology, multimodality imaging appearances and complications of this spectrum of pathologies.
References
Abeshouse BS, Bhisitkul I (1959) Crossed renal ectopia with and without fusion. Urol Int 9:63–91
Boatman DL, Kolln CP, Flocks RH (1972) Congenital anomalies associated with horseshoe kidney. J Urol 107:205–207
Buntley D (1976) Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney. Urology 8:146–148
Campbell MF (1930) Renal ectopy. J Urol 24:187–198
Campbell MF (1970) Anomalies of the kidney. In: Campbell MF, Harrison JH (eds) Urology, vol 2, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1416–1486
Chawla A (2013) BMJ case reports. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-201163
Currarino G, Wood B, Majd M (1993) The genitourinary tract and retroperitoneum. Congenital renal anomalies. In: Silverman FN, Kuhn JP (eds) Caffey’s pediatric X-ray diagnosis: an integrated imaging approach, vol 2, 9th edn. Mosby, St Louis, pp 1223–1243
Dajani AM (1966) Horseshoe kidney: a review of 29 cases. Br J Urol 38:388–402
Daneman A, Alton DJ (1991) Radiographic manifestations of renal anomalies. Radiol Clin North Am 29:351–363
Downs RA, Lane JW, Burns E (1973) Solitary pelvic kidney: its clinical implications. Urology 1:51–56
Evans WP, Resnick MI (1981) Horseshoe kidney and urolithiasis. J Urol 125:620–621
Glenn JF (1959) Analysis of 51 patients with horseshoe kidney. N Engl J Med 261:684–687
Kakei H, Kondo A, Ogisu BI, Mitsuya H (1976) Crossed ectopia of solitary kidney: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Urol Int 31:470–475
Kissane JM (1983) Congenital malformations. In: Heptinstall RH (ed) Pathology of the kidney, vol 1, 3rd edn. Little, Brown, Boston, pp 83–140
Kramer SASA, Kelalis PP (1984) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children with renal ectopy. J Urol 5:331–336
Lippe B, Geffner ME, Dietrich RB, Boechat MI, Kangarloo H (1988) Renal malformation in patients with Turner’s syndrome: imaging in 141 patients. Pediatrics 82:852–856
Malek RS, Kelalis PP, Burke EC (1971) Ectopic kidney in children and frequency of association with other malformations. Mayo Clin Proc 46:461–467
McDonald JH, McClellan DS (1957) Crossed renal ectopia. Am J Surg 93:995–1002
Mesrobian HJ, Kelalis PP, Hrabovsky E, Othersen HB, DeLorimier A, Nesmith B (1985) Wilms’ tumor in horseshoe kidneys: a report from the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Urol 133:1002–1003
Moore KL, Persaud TVN (1998) The developing human. Clinically oriented embryology, 6th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia
Muttarak M, Sriburi T (2011) Congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood. Biomed Imaging Interv J 8(1):e7
N’Guessen G, Stephens FD, Pick J (1984) Congenital superior ectopic (thoracic) kidney. Urology 24:219–228
Pitts WR Jr, Muecke EC (1975) Horseshoe kidneys: a 40-year experience. J Urol 113:743–746
Polak-Jonkisz D, Fornalczyk K, Musial K et al (2012) Crossed renal ectopia: can it be a diagnostic problem? Postepy Hig Med Dosw 66:201–214
Ritchey M (1992) Anomalies of the kidney. In: Kelalis PP, King LR, Belman AB (eds) Clinical pediatric urology, vol 1, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 500–528
Rubinstein ZJ, Hertz M, Shahin N, Deutsch V (1976) Crossed renal ectopia: angiographic findings in six cases. Am J Roentgenol 126:1035–1038
Thompson GJ, Pace JM (1937) Ectopic kidney: a review of 97 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 64:935–943
Warkany J, Passarge E, Smith LB (1966) Congenital malformations in autosomal trisomy syndromes. Am J Dis Child 112:502–517
Whitaker RH, Hunt GM (1987) Incidence and distribution of renal anomalies in patients with neural tube defects. Eur Urol 13:322–323
Zondek LH, Zondek T (1964) Horseshoe kidney in associated congenital malformations. Urol Int 18:347–356
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stafrace, S., Benz-Bohm, G. (2018). Anomalies of Kidney Rotation, Position, and Fusion. In: Riccabona, M. (eds) Pediatric Urogenital Radiology. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39202-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39202-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39200-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39202-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)