Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

InSAR Observations of Ground Deformation pp 125–150Cite as

Constraining Mechanisms of Volcanic Subsidence at Lassen Volcanic Center, CA, Using InSAR

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 805 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

Lassen Volcanic Center, southern Cascades, has subsided in recent decades, but the onset, temporal evolution, and cause of subsidence remain unconstrained. Here we use multiple sets of InSAR data, each corrected using the North American Regional Reanalysis atmospheric model, to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of deformation between 2004 and 2010. ENVISAT data shows that the rate of subsidence at LaVC has decreased over time from 13 ± 2.7 mm/yr between 2004 and 2007 to 8 ± 1.6 mm/yr between 2007 and 2010. Time-series analysis shows that this may be due to either a decrease in the rate of subsurface volume change or an increase in source depth. Comparing these observations to past geodetic studies suggests that the onset of deformation was in the early 1990s. Combining multiple tracks of InSAR data, we find that the ratio of horizontal to vertical displacements is high, and geophysical inversions suggest that subsidence is driven by a point source located at \(\sim \)9 km depth. This source geometry, and the temporal evolution of deformation, contrasts to steady subsidence observed at nearby Medicine Lake Volcano since the 1950s. We evaluate possible causes of subsidence in light of hydrothermal and seismic activity at LaVC, and suggest that deformation is driven by changes in the distribution of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids and/or magma cooling, in addition to tectonic extension. Lassen Volcanic Center was one of >10 volcanic/geothermal centers to experience triggered seismicity after the 1992 M\(_w\)7.3 Landers earthquake, but further constraints are required to assess whether the earthquake had a role in the onset of recent subsidence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amelung, F., & Bell, J. (2003). Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations of the 1994 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake (M5.9): Main shock accompanied by triggered slip on a conjugate fault. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B9).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagnardi, M., Amelung, F., & Poland, M. P. (2013). A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 377, 358–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia, M., Troise, C., Obrizzo, F., Pingue, F., & De Natale, G. (2006). Evidence for fluid migration as the source of deformation at Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(L01307).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., & Sansosti, E. (2002). A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 2375–2383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, J., Wright, T., Lu, Z., & Parsons, P. (2007). Multi-interferogram method for measuring inter seismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska. Geophysical Journal International, 170, 1165–1179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, J., Anthony, E. Y., & Ebinger, C. J. (2009a). Multiple inflation and deflation events at Kenyan volcanoes, East African Rift. Geology, 37(11), 979–982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, J., Robinson, D. P., & Dixon, T. H. (2009b). The 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0): Seismology and geodesy. Geophysical Journal International, 176, 657–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, J., Lu, Z., Fournier, T., & Freymueller, J. T. (2010). Magma flux at Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from a joint inversion of continuous GPS, campaign GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(B12401).

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, J., Ebmeier, S. K., Aspinall, W. P., Lu, Z., Pritchard, M. E., Sparks, R. S. J., & Mather, T. A. (2014). Global link between deformation and volcanic eruption quantified by satellite imagery. Nature Communications, 5, 3471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brace, W. F. (1972). Pore pressure in geophysics. In H. C. Heard, I. Y. Borg, N. L. Carter, C. B. Raleigh (Eds.), Flow and fracture of rocks, Geophysical monograph (Vol. 16, pp. 265–273).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiodini, G., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Caliro, S., D’Auria, L., De Martino, P., Mangiacapra, A., et al. (2015). Evidence of thermal-driven processes triggering the 2005–2014 unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 414, 58–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne, M. A. (1985). Quaternary volcanism in the southernmost cascade range, california. In M. Guffanti & L. J. P. Muffler (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Geothermal Resources of the Cascade Range: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85521, p. 2430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne, M. A., & Muffler, L. J. P. (2010). Geologic map of lassen volcanic national park and vicinity, California. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map I2899, scale 1:50,000, 110 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne, M. A., Robinson, J. E., Nathenson, M., Muffler, L. J. P. (2012). Volcano hazards assessment for the lassen region, Northern California. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5176-A, 56 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne, M. A. (1999). A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California. Journal of Petrology, 40(1), 105–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., Rymer, H., Sturkell, E., Pedersen, R., Hooper, A., Sigmundsson, F., et al. (2013). Geodetic data shed light on ongoing caldera subsidence at Askja, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(5), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Zeeuz-van Dalfsen, E., Pedersen, R., Hooper, A., & Sigmundsson, F. (2012). Subsidence of Askja caldera 2000–2009: Modelling of deformation processes at an extensional plate boundary constrained by time series InSAR analysis. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 213, 72–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly-Nolan, J. M., Grove, T. L., Lanphere, M. A., & Champion, D. E. (2008). Eruptive history and tectonic setting of Medicine Lake Volcano, a large rear-arc volcano in the southern Cascades. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 117, 313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragoni, M., & Magnanensi, C. (1989). Displacement and stress produced by a pressurized, spherical magma chamber, surrounded by a viscoelastic shell. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 56(3), 316–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dzurisin, D. (1999). Results of repeated leveling surveys at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, and near Lassen Peak Volcano, California. Bulletin of Volcanology, 61(1–2), 83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dzurisin, D. (2007). Volcano deformation: Geodetic monitoring techniques. Chichester: Springer-Praxis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J. M., Evans, J. R., & Walter, S. R. (1991). Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(B10), 16319–16333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dzurisin, D., Poland, M. P., & Bürgmann, R. (2002). Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated levelling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(B12), ECV 8-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fialko, Y., Khazan, Y., & Simons, M. (2001a). Deformation due to a pressurised horizontal circular crack in an elastic half-space, with applications to volcano geodesy. Geophysical Journal International, 146(1), 181–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fialko, Y., Simons, M., & Agnew, D. (2001b). The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7. 1 Hector Mine earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(16), 3063–3066.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, R. O. (2007). Hydrothermal systems and volcano geochemistry (pp. 323–341). Chichester: Springer-Praxis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, R., Zebker, H., & Werner, C. (1988). Satellite radar interferometry: Two dimensional phase unwrapping. Radio Science, 23(4), 713–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, R., & Werner, C. (1998). Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(21), 4035–4038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gourmelen, N., Amelung, F., & Lanari, R. (2010). Interferometric synthetic aperture radar-GPS integration: Interseismic strain accumulation across the Hunter Mountain fault in the eastern California shear zone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(B9).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guffanti, M., & Weaver, C. S. (1988). Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(B6), 6513–6529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guffanti, M., Clynne, M. A., Smith, J. G., Muffler, L. J. P., & Bullen, T. D. (1990). Late Cenozoic volcanism, subduction, and extension in the Lassen region of California, southern Cascade Range. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(B12), 19453–19464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamling, I. J., Wright, T. J., Calais, E., Lewi, E., & Fukahata, Y. (2014). InSAR observations of post-rifting deformation around the Dabbahu rift segment, Afar, Ethiopia. Geophysical Journal International, 197(1), 33–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen, R. F. (2001). Radar interferometry: Data interpretation and analysis. Norwell: Kluwer Academic.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hildreth, W. (2007). Quaternary magmatism in the Cascades - geological perspectives. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper (1744).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D. P., Reasenberg, P. A., Michael, A., Arabaz, W. J., Beroza, G., Brumbaugh, D., et al. (1993). Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake. Science, 260(5114), 1617–1623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D. P., Johnston, M. J. S., Langbein, J. O., & Bilham, R. (1995). Response of Long Valley caldera to the Mw = 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B7), 12985–13005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, A., Segall, P., & Zebker, H. (2007). Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(B7).

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, J., & McLaren, M. (1995). Seismicity along the boundary between the modoc plateau, southern cascade mountains, and northern sierra nevada. In W. D. Page (Ed.), Quaternary Geology Along the Boundary Between the Modoc Plateau, Southern Cascade Mountains and Northern Sierra Nevada, Appendix A (27 pp.). 1995 Pacific Cell Field Trip: Friends of the Pleistocene.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janik, C. J., & McLaren, M. K. (2010). Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 189(3), 257–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. J. S., Hill, D. P., Linde, A. T., Langbein, J., & Bilham, R. (1995). Transient deformation during triggered seismicity from the 28 June 1992 Mw = 7.3 Landers earthquake at Long Valley volcanic caldera, California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85(3), 787–795.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet, R., Grandin, R., Lasserre, C., & M.-P., D., Peltzer, G. (2011). Systematic InSAR tropospheric phase delay corrections from global meteorological reanalysis data. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(L17311).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jónsson, S., Zebker, H., Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Garbeil, H., Mouginis-Mark, P., et al. (1999). A shallow-dipping dike fed the 1995 flank eruption at Fernandina volcano, Galapagos, observed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(8), 1077–1080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jónsson, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P., & Amelung, F. (2002). Fault slip distribution of the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(4), 1377–1389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, F. W. (1979). Earthquakes in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 69(3), 867–875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemetti, E. W., & Clynne, M. A. (2014). Localized rejuvenation of a crystal mush recorded in Zircon temporal and compositional variation at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Northern California. PloS one, 9(12), e113157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linde, A. T., Sacks, I. S., Johnston, M. J. S., Hillt, D. P., & Bilham, R. G. (1994). Increased pressure from rising bubbles as a mechanism for remotely triggered seismicity. Nature, 371(6496), 408–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, Z., Power, J. A., McConnell, V. S., Wicks, C., & Dzurisin, D. (2002). Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993–2000. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(B11), ECV 1-1–ECV 1-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundgren, P., Usai, S., Sansosti, E., Lanari, R., Tesauro, M., Fornaro, G., et al. (2001). Modeling surface deformation observed with synthetic aperture radar interferometry at Campi Flegrei caldera. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(B9), 19355–19366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D., & Freymueller, J. (2003). Volcanic and tectonic deformation on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B2), 2108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastin, L., Lisowski, M., Roeloffs, E., & Beeler, N. (2009). Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004–2008 history of dome growth and deformation. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(L20304).

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, M. K., & Janik, C. J. (1996). Microearthquake clusters and the Lassen hydrothermal system, northern California. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 77(F513).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mogi, K. (1958). Relations between eruptions of various volcanoes and the deformations of the ground surfaces around them. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, 36, 99–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, R. D., Meagher, K. L., & Weaver, C. S. (1997). The 1936, 1945–1947, and 1950 earthquake sequences near Lassen Peak, California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(B1), 449–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, D., & Knight, J. (1977). Transport phenomena in hydrothermal systems: cooling plutons. American Journal of Science, 277, 937–981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75(4), 1135–1154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, A. L., Biggs, J., & Lu, Z. (2014). Investigating long-term subsidence at Medicine Lake Volcano, CA, using multi temporal InSAR. Geophysical Journal International, 199(2), 844–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, A. L., Biggs, J., Walters, R. J., Ebmeier, S. K., Wright, T. J., Teanby, N. A., et al. (2015). Systematic assessment of atmospheric uncertainties for InSAR data at volcanic arcs using large-scale atmospheric models: Application to the Cascade volcanoes, United States. Remote Sensing of Environment, 170, 102–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, M. M., Biggs, J., Mather, T. A., Pyle, D. M., Amelung, F., Monsalve, M. L., et al. (2011). Co-eruptive subsidence at Galeras identified during an InSAR survey of Colombian volcanoes (2006–2009). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 202(3), 228–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, M. M., Moore, J., Papanikolaou, X., Biggs, J., Mather, T. A., Pyle, D. M., et al. (2015). From quiescence to unrest-20 years of satellite geodetic measurements at Santorini volcano, Greece. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(2), 1309–1328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulson, K. M., & Ingebritsen, S. E. (1991). Sodium and chloride data from selected streams in the Lassen area, north-central California, and their relation to thermal-fluid discharge from the Lassen hydrothermal system. U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 90-4201, 29 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, J., & Fialko, Y. (2010). Mechanics of active magmatic intraplating in the Rio Grande Rift near Socorro, New Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(B7).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinel, V., Poland, M. P., & Hooper, A. (2014). Volcanology: Lessons learned from synthetic aperture radar imagery. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 289, 81–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, A. M., Hill, D. P., Walter, S. W., & Johnson, M. J. S. (2002). Midcrustal, long-period earthquakes beneath northern california volcanic areas. Seismological Research Letters, 73(2), 144–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poland, M., Bawden, G., Lisowski, M., & Dzurisin, D. (2004). Newly discovered subsidence at Lassen Peak, southern Cascade Range, California, from InSAR and GPS. [abs.]: Eos (American Geophysical Union Transactions) v. 85, Fall Meeting Supplement, abs. G51A-0068.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poland, M. P., Bürgmann, R., Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Masterlark, T., Owen, S., et al. (2006). Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, levelling and InSAR. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 150(1), 55–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, M. E., Jay, J. A., Aron, F., Henderson, S. T., & Lara, L. E. (2013). Subsidence at southern Andes volcanoes induced by the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake. Nature Geoscience, 6(8), 632–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyle, D. M., Mather, T. A., & Biggs, J. (2013). Remote sensing of volcanoes and volcanic processes: integrating observation and modelling-introduction. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 380(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reverso, T., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Jouanne, F., Pinel, V., Villemin, T., Sturkell, E., et al. (2014). A two-magma chamber model as a source of deformation at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(6), 4666–4683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I. R., Li, F. K., Madsen, S. N., Rodriguez, E., et al. (2000). Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry. Proceedings of the IEEE, 88(3), 333–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, P., Hensley, S., Peltzer, G., & Simons, M. (2004). Updated repeat orbit interferometry package released. EOS, Transactions AGU, 85(5), 47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samsonov, S., & d’Oreye, N. (2012). Multidimensional time-series analysis of ground deformation from multiple InSAR data sets applied to Virunga Volcanic Province. Geophysical Journal International, 191(3), 1095–1108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segall, P. (2010). Earthquake and volcano deformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sorey, M. L., & Colvard, E. M. (1994). Measurements of heat and mass flow from thermal areas in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, 1984 - 1993. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4180-A, 35 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorey, M. L., Colvard, E. M., & Ingebritsen, S. E. (1994). Measurements of thermal-water discharge outside Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, 1983-94. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4180-B, 45 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takada, Y., & Fukushima, Y. (2013). Volcanic subsidence triggered by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. Nature Geoscience, 6(8), 637–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turrin, B. D., Christiansen, R. L., Clynne, M. A., Champion, D. E., Gerstel, W. J., Muffler, L. J. P., et al. (1998). Age of Lassen Peak, California, and implications for the ages of late Pleistocene glaciations in the southern Cascade Range. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(7), 931–945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, S., Rojas, V., & Kollman, A. (1984). Seismicity of the Lassen Peak area, California. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 8, 523–527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters, R. J., Elliott, J. R., Li, Z., & Parsons, B. (2013). Rapid strain accumulation on the Ashkabad fault (Turkmenistan) from atmosphere-corrected InSAR. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(7), 3674–3690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Wright, T. J., & Biggs, J. (2009). Interseismic slip rate of the northwestern Xianshuihe fault from InSAR data. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R. E., Weaver, C. S., & Blakely, R. J. (1998). Fore-arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance. Geology, 26(8), 759–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T., Lu, Z., & Wicks, C. (2004a). Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the Mw 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with interferometric synthetic aperture radar and global positioning system data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94(6B), S175–S189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. J., Parsons, B. E., & Lu, Z. (2004b). Toward mapping surface deformation in three dimensions using InSAR. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, X.-M., Davis, P. M., & Dieterich, J. H. (1988). Deformation from inflation of a dipping finite prolate spheroid in an elastic half-space as a model for volcanic stressing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(B5), 4249–4257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

    Amy Laura Parker

Authors
  1. Amy Laura Parker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amy Laura Parker .

Appendix

Appendix

See Fig. 5.8.

Fig. 5.8
figure 8

Time-series of the rate of volume change found using different subsets of ENVISAT ascending and descending track interferograms. Top interferograms used for stacking as detailed in Table 5.1. Bottom all interferograms as detailed in Table 5.1. Errorbars are calculated using phase \(\sigma \) beyond 10 km from the volcano summit

Full size image

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Parker, A.L. (2017). Constraining Mechanisms of Volcanic Subsidence at Lassen Volcanic Center, CA, Using InSAR. In: InSAR Observations of Ground Deformation. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39034-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation