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At-Home Tooth Whitening

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Tooth Whitening

Abstract

Peroxides have been used to whiten teeth for over a hundred years. The popularity of dental whitening has increased with the introduction of nightguard vital whitening in 1989, as the appearance of the dentition and the color of the teeth have increasingly become a concern for a large number of people. Current methods for at-home whitening include materials prescribed by dental professionals, bleaching products available over the counter to use without the involvement of a dental professional, and “do-it-yourself” methods widely advertised on the Internet. This chapter compares the efficacy of the most popular at-home whitening techniques, including dental professional-prescribed at-home tray whitening with carbamide peroxide (a precursor of hydrogen peroxide), over-the-counter whitening, and combined in-office with at-home tray whitening. At-home tooth whitening with a custom-fitted tray is the safest and most effective technique if carried out under the supervision of a dental professional. This chapter reviews the advantages and disadvantages of different at-home whitening techniques, respective side effects, and treatment recommendations based on current scientific information. Clinical cases will illustrate clinically relevant at-home whitening techniques.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The terms “whitening” and “bleaching” are used interchangeably in the literature.

  2. 2.

    Hydremide is a trademark by Evolve Dental Technologies, Inc. Tri-barrel hydremide peroxide is 1 barrel of hydrogen peroxide gel, 1 barrel of carbamide peroxide gel, and the third barrel contains an activator. The term hydremide derives from combining HYDROgen (peroxide) with carbaMIDE (peroxide).

  3. 3.

    The chance of a mismatch between the advertised concentration and the actual concentration is very high (Matis et al. 2013).

  4. 4.

    Carbomer 934P or Carbopol 934P (The Lubrizol Corporation) is primarily used in commercially available oral formulations, including bleaching gels for tray whitening.

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Acknowledgment

Dr. Jorge Perdigão would like to extend his special thanks to:

 1. University of Minnesota School of Dentistry students for their help and inspiration.

 2. Graduate students and faculty members of the University Rey Juan Carlos School of Dentistry Post-Graduate Program in Esthetic Dentistry for their assistance with some clinical cases.

 3. Dr. George Gomes and Dr. Filipa Oliveira for their dedication and hard work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota, 515 SE Delaware St, 8-450 Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Jorge Perdigão DMD, MS, PhD

  2. Department of Dental Materials, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil

    Alessandro D. Loguércio DDS, MS, PhD & Alessandra Reis DDS, PhD

  3. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

    Edson Araújo DDS, MS, PhD

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  1. Jorge Perdigão DMD, MS, PhD
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  2. Alessandro D. Loguércio DDS, MS, PhD
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  3. Alessandra Reis DDS, PhD
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  4. Edson Araújo DDS, MS, PhD
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Correspondence to Jorge Perdigão DMD, MS, PhD .

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  1. University of Minnesota, MINNEAPOLIS, USA

    Jorge Perdigão

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Perdigão, J., Loguércio, A.D., Reis, A., Araújo, E. (2016). At-Home Tooth Whitening. In: Perdigão, J. (eds) Tooth Whitening. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38849-6_6

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