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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Auditory System

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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

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Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with well-known neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. It also exerts protective effects in sensory organs, such as visual and olfactory system. In this review we present data regarding the localization and effects of PACAP in the auditory system. PACAP and its specific receptor (PAC1-R) are present in the organ of Corti in hair cells, supporting cells, and different nerve fibers. They are also present in the spiral ganglion showing co-localization with efferent fibers of glutamatergic and adrenergic pathways, probably directly affecting the efferent signal transduction in the inner ear. PACAP and its specific receptor also occur in the stria vascularis suggesting a role in endolymph production; furthermore, they are present in central pathways of the auditory system such as the cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body. PAC1-receptor is also present in the inner ear in PACAP-deficient mice, occurring at the same localization but with altered expression compared to wild-type mice. PACAP protects hair cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis in chicken inner ear cell cultures in vitro, and the lack of PACAP affects the Ca2+-binding protein expression in hair cells in PACAP-deficient mice under control circumstances and after ototoxic drug treatment.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Adenylate cyclase

ApoD:

Apolipoprotein D

ApoJ:

Apolipoprotein J

Bad:

bcl-2-associated death promoter

Bax:

bcl-2-like protein 4

Bcl:

B-cell lymphoma

ChAT:

Choline acetyltransferase

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

DBH:

Dopamine β-hydroxylase

HZ:

Heterozygous PACAP-deficient mice

ERK:

Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase

GluR2/3:

Glutamate receptor 2/3

JC-1:

5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine iodide

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

LW:

Lateral wall

MNTB:

Medial nucleus of trapezoid body

MTT assay:

Colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity

nNOS:

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase

OC:

Organ of Corti

p38MAPK:

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

P5:

5th postnatal day

P7:

7th postnatal day

PACAP:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

PACAP KO:

Homozygous PACAP-deficient mice

PACAP38:

1-38 Amino-acid isoform of PACAP

PAC1-R:

PAC1-receptor

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PLC:

Phospholipase C

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

SG:

Spiral ganglion

SOC:

Superior olivary complex

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

WT:

Wild type mice

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Acknowledgement

MTA-PTE “Lendulet” Program, OTKA K104984, 119759, Arimura Foundation, TAMOP 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001 “National Excellence Program,” New National Excellence Program (UNKP), Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This work is dedicated to the 650th anniversary of the University of Pecs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary

    Balazs D. Fulop, Dora Reglodi, Adrienn Nemeth & Andrea Tamas

  2. Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Adrienn Nemeth

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  1. Balazs D. Fulop
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  2. Dora Reglodi
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  4. Andrea Tamas
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Correspondence to Andrea Tamas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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Fulop, B.D., Reglodi, D., Nemeth, A., Tamas, A. (2016). Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Auditory System. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_31

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