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Role of PACAP and Its PACAP Type I Receptor in the Central Control of Reproductive Hormones

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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

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Abstract

The regulation of sexual maturation and reproductive function requires precise cooperation of hormonal regulation at hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal levels. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is released from the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner, regulates synthesis and secretion of the pituitary gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Gonadotropins, in turn, are secreted into the systemic circulation and act on the gonads to regulate follicular development, steroidogenesis, and gametogenesis. GnRH and gonadotropins are key players in controlling female reproductive functions. In addition, it has gradually become clear that kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus activate GnRH neurons through G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), and many investigations thus far have advanced our understanding of the physiological control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type I receptor (PAC1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by PACAP. PACAP is present in two bioactive amidated forms, PACAP38 and PACAP28, and was first isolated as a hypothalamic activator of cAMP production in pituitary cells. PAC1R and PACAP are expressed not only in the central nervous system, but also in peripheral organs, and function in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary alone or in cooperation with other hypothalamic neuropeptides.

In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how PACAP and PAC1R affect the central control of reproductive functions. The effect of PACAP and its PAC1R on pituitary lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, and GnRH producing neurons is mainly described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, 693-8501, Japan

    Haruhiko Kanasaki, Aki Oride, Mijiddorj Tselmeg, Unurjargal Sukhbaatar & Satoru Kyo

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  1. Haruhiko Kanasaki
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  2. Aki Oride
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  4. Unurjargal Sukhbaatar
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  5. Satoru Kyo
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Correspondence to Haruhiko Kanasaki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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Kanasaki, H., Oride, A., Tselmeg, M., Sukhbaatar, U., Kyo, S. (2016). Role of PACAP and Its PACAP Type I Receptor in the Central Control of Reproductive Hormones. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_22

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