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PACAP Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function and Obesity

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Book cover Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 27- or 38-amino acid peptide that is widely distributed in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. PACAP has been found to be expressed within the enteric nervous system and gastric mucosa and has profound physiological effects in the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously shown that PACAP regulates gastric acid secretion by activating its high affinity PAC1 receptors expressed on gastric enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL). However, the peripheral mechanisms involved in PACAP regulation of appetite and feeding are unknown. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide abundantly expressed in the central nervous system as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, where it regulates different physiological functions. VIP inhibits gastric acid secretion via its VPAC1 receptors expressed on gastric D cells. VIP also regulates intestinal motility and VIP gene deletion results in the development of intestinal ileus. VIP is involved in the control of appetite/satiety, feeding behavior and in the secretion of some key regulatory metabolic hormones. VIP plays a very important role in the regulation of body weight and mass composition by significantly enhancing body weight and fat mass. Therefore, both PACAP and VIP neuropeptides could be crucial targets for the regulation of appetite/satiety, body phenotype and for the treatment of obesity.

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Acknowledgements

This work received grant support from: Department of Veterans Affairs RR&D Merit Review (JRP and PMJ); Animal Core Services performed through CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center supported by NIH grant P30DK41301; NIH NIDDK DK07180 T32 (JB).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd (691/111C), Los Angeles, CA, 90403, USA

    John P. Vu, Jihane N. Benhammou, Deepinder Goyal, Leon Luong, Suwan Oh, Patrizia Germano & Joseph R. Pisegna

  2. Department of Medicine, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA

    John P. Vu, Jihane N. Benhammou, Deepinder Goyal, Leon Luong, Suwan Oh, Patrizia Germano & Joseph R. Pisegna

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  1. John P. Vu
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  2. Jihane N. Benhammou
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  4. Leon Luong
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  5. Suwan Oh
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  7. Joseph R. Pisegna
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Correspondence to Joseph R. Pisegna .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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Vu, J.P. et al. (2016). PACAP Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function and Obesity. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_16

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