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Churches in the Ukrainian Crisis pp 203–215Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Ukraine after the Euromaidan: Ecumenism versus Religious Repression

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Abstract

Katrin Boeckh studies the effects of Ukraine’s Euromaidan and Russian military intervention in Ukraine on the religious communities of Ukraine and their ecumenical relations. The uprising against a president who reneged on his promise to sign an agreement with the EU drew support from virtually all religious groups. As the conflict ensued, severe oppression of religion took place in the occupied eastern regions, while in the rest of Ukraine religious diversity and cooperation became key elements in working out a new vision for the future.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Frank E. Sysyn, “The Third Rebirth of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and the Religious Situation in Ukraine, 1989-1991,” in: Religion and Nation in Modern Ukraine, Serhii Plokhy and Frank Sysyn, eds. (Edmonton and Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2003), pp. 88–119, at 108–109. See also: Charles P. Wallace, “Ukrainian Catholics Fight to Regain Churches Seized in ‘46: History: Throughout the western Ukraine, the Russian Orthodox Church is under pressure to return places of worship,” Los Angeles Times (17 March 1990) http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-17/entertainment/ca-317_1_orthodox-church (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  2. 2.

    EVS 2008: Study Documentation: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ (Accessed 11 March 2015).

  3. 3.

    U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. International Religious Freedom Report 2013. Ukraine http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/222491.pdf (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  4. 4.

    On social prestige, see: Gennadiy Druzenko, “Religion and the Secular State in Ukraine,” p. 757; http://www.academia.edu/7720979/Religion_and_the_Secular_State_in_Ukraine (Accessed: 9 December 2014). On public confidence: Igor Gordyi, “The Ukrainian Churches and the Europeanisation of Ukraine,” in: Ukraine on its Way to Europe. Interim Results of the Orange Revolution, Juliane Besters-Dilger, ed. (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009), pp. 309–327, at p. 310.

  5. 5.

    Ksenia Gatskova, “Can increasing religiosity foster democratization in Ukraine?” IOS Policy Issue (June, 2014) http://www.ios-regensburg.de/service/ios-publikationen/diskussionspapiere/policy-issues/3-2014.html (Accessed: 11 March 2015)

  6. 6.

    “Religious organizations in Ukraine,” 1 January 2014: http://risu.org.ua/ua/index/resourses/statistics/ukr2014/55893/(Accessed: 8 December 2014).

  7. 7.

    U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. International Religious Freedom Report 2007. Ukraine http://go.usa.gov/UvqH (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  8. 8.

    Serhii Plokhy, “Church, State, and Nation in Ukraine,” in: Religion and Nation in Modern Ukraine (2003), p. 189.

  9. 9.

    “Zhodna relihiia ne mozhe buty vyznana derzhavoiu iak obov’iazkova” http://www.president.gov.ua/content/chapter02.html (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  10. 10.

    Although legally all religious groups in Russia are equal, the Russian government works more closely with the Russian Orthodox Church, while religious minorities are confronted with “detentions, raids, denial of official registration with the Ministry of Justice, denial of official building registration, denial of visas to religious workers, and extremism charges to ban religious materials and restrict groups’ right to assemble”; see the reported cases in: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. International Religious Freedom Report 2013. Russia. http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2013/eur/222261.htm (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  11. 11.

    Andrii Krawchuk, “Constructing Interreligious Consensus in the post-Soviet space: the Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations,” in: Eastern Orthodox Encounters of Identity and Otherness. Values, Self-Reflection, Dialogue, Andrii Krawchuk and Thomas Bremer, eds. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 273–300.

  12. 12.

    Krawchuk, “Constructing Interreligious Consensus,” p. 275.

  13. 13.

    U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. International Religious Freedom Report 2013. Ukraine. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/222491.pdf (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  14. 14.

    Myroslav Marynovych, “Staatliche Favorisierung und Religionsfreiheit. Ein Statement,” in: Religiöse Pluralität als Faktor des Politischen in der Ukraine, Katrin Boeckh and Oleh Turij eds. (München, Berlin, Leipzig, Washington, DC: Kubon & Sagner).

  15. 15.

    Courses for priests from all confessions were conducted, see: Departament Patriarshoi Kurii Ukrains’koi Hreko-Katolyts’koi Tserkvy u spravach dushpastyrstva sylovych struktur Ukrainy: http://kapelanstvo.org.ua/istoriya/ (Accessed: 22 March 2015).

  16. 16.

    Makysm Vasyn, “Characteristics of Development of Inter-Confessional Relations in Ukraine,” in: Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe 30:1 (George Fox University, 2-2010), pp. 29–36, here p. 31. See: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&context=ree#page=1&zoom=auto,-13,792 (Accessed: 22 March 2015).

  17. 17.

    See Igor Gordyi, Ukrainische Kirchen und die Orange Revolution: Haltung der ukrainischen Kirchen in den gesellschaftspolitischen Prozessen in der Ukraine im Jahre 2004 (Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften, 2009).

  18. 18.

    Evhen Perepichka, Maidan 2013-2014 rr. v iliustratsiiakh (L’viv: Rastr-7, 2014).

  19. 19.

    Oksana Forostyna, “Land der Kinder,” Transit 45 (Summer, 2014), pp. 40–54, at p. 46.

  20. 20.

    Margarete Zimmermann and Michael Melnikow, “‘Gott ist mit uns!’ Die Kirchen und der Euromajdan,” Osteuropa 64:5–6 (2014), pp. 259–276, at p. 265.

  21. 21.

    Gordyi, “The Ukrainian Churches and the Europeanisation of Ukraine,” p. 315.

  22. 22.

    http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/confessional/orthodox_relations/58421/ (Accessed: 8 December 2014).

  23. 23.

    Nikolay Mitrokhin, “Die Ukrainisch-Orthodoxe Kirche des Moskauer Patriarchats. Zwischen Maidan und pro-russischem Separatismus,” Transit 45 (Summer, 2014), pp. 137–152, at p. 140.

  24. 24.

    Victor Gaetan, “Ukraine’s ‘Maidan’ Protests Are Spiritual as well as Political,” 12/27/2013; http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/ukraines-maidan-protests-are-spiritual-as-well-as-political (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  25. 25.

    Statement of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations following a meeting with Acting President Oleksandr Turchinov 2014/03/07; http://euromaidanpress.com/2014/03/07/statement-of-the-all-ukrainian-council-of-churches-and-religious-organizations-following-a-meeting-with-acting-president-oleksandr-turchinov/ (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  26. 26.

    Archimandrite Cyril Hovorun, UOC-MP priest, “On Maidan” http://byzypriest.com/?p=81 (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  27. 27.

    Cyril Hovorun, “The Church in the Bloodlands. Ukrainian churches must encourage and engage civil society,” (October, 2014) http://www.firstthings.com/article/2014/10/the-church-in-the-bloodlands (Accessed: 29 December 2014).

  28. 28.

    Zimmermann and Melnikow, “‘Gott ist mit uns!’ Die Kirchen und der Euromajdan,” pp. 271–272.

  29. 29.

    http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/state/national_religious_question/56893/ (Accessed: 10 December 2014).

  30. 30.

    “Donets’ka oblast’. Myrotvorcha misiia UPTs vyzvolyla z polonu viis’kovosluzhbovtsiv Zbroinych syl Ukrainy” http://news.church.ua/2014/12/30/donecka-oblast-mirotvorcha-misiya-upc-vizvolila-z-polonu-vijskovosluzhbovciv-zbrojnix-sil-ukrajini/ (Accessed: 2 January 2015); “Kyiv. U Kyievo-Pechers’kii Lavri vidbulalsia peredacha rodycham ukrains’kych viis’kovych, vyzvolenych z polonu zusylliamy Myrotvorchoi misii UPTs,” http://news.church.ua/2014/12/31/kijiv-u-kijevo-pecherskij-lavri-vidbulasya-peredacha-rodicham-ukrajinskix-vijskovix-vizvolenix-z-polonu-zusillyami-mirotvorchoji-misiji-upc/ (Accessed: 2 January 2015);

    Natal’ia Horoshkova, “Sviashchenyk UPTs, shcho vyzvloyv iz polonu viis’kovosluzhbovtsiv: ‘Postaraimos’ dosluchatysia do sliv tserkvy. Vzhe varto myrytysia’,” http://blogs.lb.ua/nataliya_goroshkova/291225_svyashchenik_upts_shcho_vizvoliv_iz_polonu.html (Accessed: 7 January 2015).

  31. 31.

    “Ministry of Culture set up a working group to resolve inter-church conflicts,” http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/state/church_state_relations/58374/ (Accessed: 9 December 2014).

  32. 32.

    “All-Ukrainian Council of Churches Concerned about Persecution of Religious Freedom in Crimea” (22 October 2014) http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/confessional/auccro/57984/ (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  33. 33.

    “UGCC communities to be deregistered since January 1, 2015, their property to be confiscated, 22 December 2014” http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/freedom_of_conscience/58547/ (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  34. 34.

    Dzehmilev [= leader of the Tatars in Crimea]: FSB predlagaet moim storonnikam v Krymu tri varianta, 28.04.2014; http://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1534249-dzhemilev_fsb_predlagaet_moim_storonnikam_v_krymu_tri_varianta.htm (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  35. 35.

    Uwe Halbach, “Repression nach der Annexion. Russlands Umgang mit den Krimtataren,” Osteuropa 64:9–10 (2014), pp. 179–190, at pp. 189–190.

  36. 36.

    Church of Kyiv Patriarchate attacked in Crimea, 1 June 2014; http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/religion_and_policy/56616/ (Accessed: 30 December 2014, including a video on the case).

  37. 37.

    “Persecution of Christians by Rebel Militia in Ukraine,” (18 August 2014) http://incontextministries.org/index.php/investigate/news/8-latest-news/570-persecution-of-christians-by-rebel-militia-in-ukraine (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  38. 38.

    Mitrokhin, “Die Ukrainisch-Orthodoxe Kirche des Moskauer Patriarchats,” p. 150.

  39. 39.

    “UGCC priest was seated in electric chair in Donetsk,” (22 December 2014) http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/freedom_of_conscience/58548/ (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  40. 40.

    “Statement of Heads of Evangelical Protestant Churches of Ukraine on Religious Persecutions in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions,” (23 July 2014) http://www.irf.in.ua/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=420%3A1&catid=34%3Aua&Itemid=61 (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

  41. 41.

    “Chronicle of Terror: Religious persecution by pro-Russian militants in east Ukraine,” (19 August 2014) http://www.irf.in.ua/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=421:1&catid=34:ua&Itemid=61 (Accessed: 30 December 2014).

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  1. IOS Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Katrin Boeckh

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  1. Katrin Boeckh
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Correspondence to Katrin Boeckh .

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  1. University of Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

    Andrii Krawchuk

  2. University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Thomas Bremer

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Boeckh, K. (2016). Ukraine after the Euromaidan: Ecumenism versus Religious Repression. In: Krawchuk, A., Bremer, T. (eds) Churches in the Ukrainian Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34144-6_10

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