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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders pp 85–102Cite as

Cortical Inhibition and Excitation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique used for the investigation of neurophysiological processes such as cortical inhibition, excitability, and plasticity. In the last 20 years, several studies have used TMS to study both cortical inhibition and excitation in psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this chapter is to focus on TMS studies which have enhanced our understanding of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia (SCZ), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Research to date suggests that SCZ, OCD, MDD, and BD are characterized by deficits in cortical inhibition and by abnormalities in cortical excitability. This chapter discusses current TMS research and highlights the application of innovative neurophysiological techniques to provide a clear platform from which diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be developed. Changes in cortical excitability and inhibition provide evidence that can advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen Street West, Unit 4 – First Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6J 1H4

    Natasha Radhu B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., Daniel M. Blumberger M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.(C.) & Zafiris J. Daskalakis M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C.)

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  1. Natasha Radhu B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
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  2. Daniel M. Blumberger M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.(C.)
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  3. Zafiris J. Daskalakis M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C.)
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Correspondence to Zafiris J. Daskalakis M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C.) .

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  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation Department and Institute of Psychiatry Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), University Hospital and Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    André Brunoni

  2. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environments and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany

    Michael Nitsche

  3. School of Psychiatry Black Dog Institute & St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colleen Loo

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Radhu, N., Blumberger, D.M., Daskalakis, Z.J. (2016). Cortical Inhibition and Excitation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. In: Brunoni, A., Nitsche, M., Loo, C. (eds) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33967-2_6

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