Abstract
With ever more of the world’s population living in urban areas, cities face immense challenges ranging from providing basic human needs, to adapting to the impact of climate change, to improving the quality of life for its citizens. Addressing these issues, cities increasingly turn towards technology as the solution. Advancement in information communication technologies allows the collection of data from urban infrastructure systems relating to people’s consumption patterns, therefore enabling resource optimization and more informed decision making. The adoption of technology however also brings many challenges. Taking leads from the academic literature on smart and—more recently—cognitive cities as well as the authors’ own experience in implementing technology infrastructure, the chapter explores the role of technology in helping to create successful cities, analyses the challenges that technological solutions carry, and provides a roadmap to the adoption of technology. The chapter concludes that technology is simply one part of city systems. To create truly livable cities, city administrators need to develop a vision, engage the community and stakeholders, and undertake their due diligence in adopting technology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
https://www.waze.com/; http://snips.net/ [accessed 02.10.15].
- 2.
PARK Smart NYC: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/motorist/parksmart.shtml [accessed 02.10.15].
- 3.
See ClickFix: http://en.seeclickfix.com/ [accessed 02.10.15].
- 4.
Planit UOS: http://www.living-planit.com/ [accessed 02.10.15].
- 5.
IBM Intelligent Operations Center: http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/intelligent-operations-center [accessed 02.10.15].
- 6.
Vehicle2Grid: http://www.amsterdamvehicle2grid.nl/ [accessed 02.10.15].
References
Avent, R.: The third great wave. The Economist, Oct. 4th (2014)
Bartoli, A., et al.: On the ineffectiveness of today’s privacy regulations for secure smart city networks. In: Proceedings of third IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Commuications, Tainan City Taiwan, 5–8 Nov 2012
City of New York: Road Map for the Digital City. Achieving New York City’s Digital Future (2011)
Greater London Authority: Smart London Plan (n.d.)
Greenfield, A.: Against the smart city. Do projects, New York City (2013)
IBM: IBM and City of Portland Collaborate to Build a Smarter City. New release, 09 Aug 2011, Portland, Oregon. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35206.wss (2011). Accessed 24 Jun 2015
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change—Chapter 12 Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning. Potsdam, IPCC—Working Group III (2014)
Kaltenrieder, P., et al.: Enhancing multidirectional communication for cognitive cities. In: eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), 2015 Second International Conference, Quito, 8–10 Apr 2015 (2015)
Kaltenrieder, P., et al.: Applying the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process in cognitive cities. In: Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, pp. 259–262 (2014)
Khansari, N., Mostasharti, A., Mansouri, M.: Impacting sustainable behaviour and planning in smart city. Int. J. Sustain. Land Use Urban Planning 1(2), 46–61 (2013)
LSE Cities: Cities and the New Climate Economy: the transformative role of global urban growth. In: NCE Cities—Paper 01. The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, Nov 2014
Mayer-Schöneberger, V., Cukier, K.: Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. Hachette, London (2013)
Mostashari, A., Arnold, F., Mansouri, M., Finger, M.: Cognitive cities and intelligent urban governernance. Network Ind. Q. 13(3), 4–7 (2011)
Moss-Kanter, R., Litow, S.: Informed and interconnected: a manifesto for smarter cities. Harward Business School Working Paper 09–141 (2009)
Moyser, R.: Planning for smart cities in the UK. http://www.burohappold.com/blog/post/planning-for-smart-cities-in-the-uk-2179 (2013). Accessed 2 Jun 2015
Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A.C., Mangano, G., Scorrano, F.: Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. Cities 38, 25–36 (2014)
NYC Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications (NYC DoITT): Strategic Plan 2015–2017 (2015)
Robinson, R.: Creating successful Smart Cities in 2014 will be an economic, financial and political challenge, not an engineering accomplishment. The Urban Technologist. People. Place. Technology March 2, 2014. http://theurbantechnologist.com/2014/03/02/creating-successful-smart-cities-in-2014-will-be-an-economic-financial-and-political-challenge-not-an-engineering-accomplishment/ (2014). Accessed 2 Jun 2015
The Climate Group, Arup, Accenture, Horizon: Information Marketplaces. The New Economics of Cities (2011)
Townsend, A.: Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. W. W. Norton & Company (2013)
UN (United Nations): World Urbanization Prospects. 2014 Revision. United Nations (2014)
Warshay: Upgrading the Grid—How to modernize America’s electrical infrastructure. Foreign Affairs March/April 2015 (2015)
Wood, C.: Gameification: governments use gaming principles to get citizens involved. Government Technology, 28 Aug 2013. http://www.govtech.com/local/Gamification-Governments-Use-Gaming-Principles-to-Get-Citizens-Involved.html (2013). Accessed 08 Jul 2015
World Bank: What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. World Bank (2012)
Wortham, J.: What Silicon Valley can learn from Seoul. New York Times June 2, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/what-silicon-valley-can-learn-from-seoul.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=0 (2015). Accessed 4 Jun 2015
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank their colleagues at BuroHappold Andrew Comer, Paul Goff, and Lawrie Robertson for their contributions and comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moyser, R., Uffer, S. (2016). From Smart to Cognitive: A Roadmap for the Adoption of Technology in Cities. In: Portmann, E., Finger, M. (eds) Towards Cognitive Cities. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33798-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33798-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33797-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33798-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)