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Neurological Regeneration pp 121–136Cite as

Stem Cell Therapy for Autism

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Part of the book series: Stem Cells in Clinical Applications ((SCCA))

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysfunctions in social interactions, abnormal to absent verbal communication, restricted interests, and repetitive stereotypic verbal and non-verbal behaviors, influencing the ability to relate to and communicate. The core symptoms of ASDs entail the cognitive, emotional, and neuro-behavioural domains. Recent studies showed that ASDs closely relate to immune disorders. Some studies consider ASDs as autoimmune diseases. Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases. MSCs exhibit strong immune modulation both in vitro and in vivo. To date, about ten clinical trials have used MSCs to treat ASDs in different countries. Although some benefit from treatment have been observed, there is still controversy on the use of MSC transplantation for ASDs due to inadequate scientific evidence. This review aims to provide a concise summary of results related to ASD treatment by use of stem cell transplantation. Moreover, scientific rationale for the use of MSCs to treat ASDs will be presented.

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Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AS:

Ankylosing spondylitis

ASDs:

Autism spectrum disorders

BMMNCs:

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CARS:

Childhood Autism Rating Scale

DCs:

Dendritic cells

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

NK:

Natural killer cells

Treg cells:

Regulatory cells

SS:

Sjögren’s syndrome

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

EBMT:

The European Bone Marrow Transplantation

UCMSC:

Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Regenmedlab Co. Ltd (Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam) under grant “Research on stem cell transplantation for autism treatment from preclinical to clinical trials”.

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  1. Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phuc Van Pham

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    Phuc Van Pham

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Van Pham, P. (2017). Stem Cell Therapy for Autism. In: Pham, P. (eds) Neurological Regeneration. Stem Cells in Clinical Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33720-3_7

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