Abstract
The genus Agave is a monocotyledonous group of species that belong to the Asparagaceae family. Because of its CAM metabolism and other botanical features, the genus Agave is gaining importance throughout the world to address the challenges that climate change is imposing with regard to food, medicine, and bioenergy. On the other hand, it is important to point that in order to develop protocols and methods for somatic embryogenesis in species of this genus, the knowledge of its counterpart, the natural zygotic embryogenesis is crucial. Methodologies for the production of somatic embryos in this genus have been reported for A. victoria-reginae, A. sisalana, A. salmiana, A. tequilana, A. angustifolia, A. vera-cruz, A. fourcroydes, and A. sisalana; and the uni- and multicellular origin of the somatic embryos is a key characteristic that should be taken into account for special purposes and uses. The importance of culture medium, plant growth regulators, genotype, and special conditions for culture incubation will be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III) (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. Bot J Linn Soc 161:105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Arzate-Fernández AM, Mejía-Franco R (2011) Capacidad embriogénica de callos inducidos en ejes embrionarios cigóticos de Agave angustifolia Haw. Rev Fitotec Mex 34:101–106
Ávila-Miranda ME, López-Zazueta JG, Arias-Castro C et al (2010) Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul). J Prof Assoc Cactus Dev 12:166–180
Ayala-González C, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Rodríguez-Garay B (2014) The occurrence of dicotyledonar embryos in Agave tequilana Weber (Asparagaceae). Biol Plant 58:788–791. doi:10.1007/s10535-014-0456-z
Bancroft N (1914) A review of literature concerning the evolution of monocotyledons. New Phytol 13:285–308. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1914.tb05759.x
Blunden G, Carabot C, Jewers K (1980) Steroidal sapogenins from leaves of some species of Agave and Furcraea. Phytochemistry 19:2489–2490. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91065-3
Cairns AJ (1993) Evidence for the de novo synthesis of fructan by enzymes from higher plants: a reappraisal of the SST/FFT model. New Phytol 123:15–24. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb04526.x
Carneiro FS, Domingos Queiroz SRO, Rodrigues Passos A et al (2014) Embriogênese somática em Agave sisalana Perrine: indução, caracterização anatômica e regeneração. Pesq Agropec Trop Goiânia 44:294–303
Castorena-Sánchez I, Escobedo M, Quiroz A (1991) New cytotaxonomical determinants recognized in six taxa of Agave in the sections Rigidae and Sisalanae. Can J Bot 69:1257–1264. doi:10.1139/b91-163
Castro-Concha L, Loyola-Vargas VM, Chan JL et al (1990) Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in normal end vitrified plants of Agave tequilana Weber propagated in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Org 22:147–151. doi:10.1007/BF00043690
Cedeño GM (1995) Tequila production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 15:1–11
Colunga-GarcíaMarín P, Zizumbo-Villarreal D, Martínez-Torres J (2007) Tradiciones en el aprovechamiento de los agaves mexicanos: una aportación a la protección legal y conservación de su diversidad biológica y cultural. In: Colunga-GarcíaMarín P, Larqué Saavedra A et al (eds). En lo ancestral hay futuro: del tequila, los mezcales y otros agaves, CICY-CONACYT-CONABIO-INE. Mérida, Yucatán, p 229–248 + Anexo xxi–xxxviii
Consejo Regulador del Tequila (CRT) (2015) Flash informativo 996. https://www.crt.org.mx/index.php/es/noticias/noticias-destacadas/flash-informativo/112-flash-informativo-996 Accessed 2 Jul 2015
Debnath M, Pandey M, Sharma R et al (2010) Biotechnological intervention of Agave sisalana: a unique fiber yielding plant with medicinal property. J Med Plants Res 4:177–187
Dodeman VL, Ducreux G, Kreis M (1997) Zygotic embryogenesis versus somatic embryogenesis. J Exp Bot 48:1493–1509. doi:10.1093/jxb/48.8.1493
Escamilla-Treviño LL (2012) Potential of plants from the genus Agave as bioenergy crops. Bioenerg Res 5:1–9. doi:10.1007/s12155-011-9159-x
Espinoza-Andrews H, Urias-Silvas JE (2012) Thermal properties of agave fructans (Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul). Carbohyd Polym 87:2671–2676. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.053
Flores-Benítez S, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Rosales-Mendoza S et al (2007) Genetic transformation of Agave salmiana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment. Plant Cell Tiss Org 91:215–224. doi:10.1007/s11240-007-9287-3
García-Mendoza A (2002) Distribution of Agave (Agavaceae) in México. Cact Succ J (USA) 74:177–187
Gentry HS (1972) The Agave family in Sonora. U.S. Agricultural Research Service. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook No. 399, p 195
Gentry HS (1982) Agaves of Continental North America. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson
González-Gutiérrez AG, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Rodríguez-Garay B (2014) Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae). SpringerPlus 3:575. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-575
Gutiérrez-Mora A, Ruvalcaba-Ruiz D, Rodríguez-Domínguez JM et al (2004) Recent advances in the biotechnology of Agave: a cell approach. Recent Res Dev Cell Biol 2:12–26. http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20053076713.html;jsessionid=CD1B928D7CCC7525A8C516D82632A6C3. Accessed 2 Jul 2015
Gutiérrez-Mora A, González-Gutiérrez AG, Rodríguez-Garay B et al (2012). Plant somatic embryogenesis: some useful considerations. In: Sato KI (ed) Embryogenesis, InTech, Rijeka, p 229–248. doi:10.5772/36345
Good-Avila SV, Souza V, Gaut BS et al (2006) Timing and rate of speciation in Agave (Agavaceae). Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 103:9124–9129. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603312103
Huang BQ, Sheridan WF (1994) Female gametophyte development in maize: Microtubular organization and embryo sac polarity. Plant Cell 6:845–861. doi:10.1105/tpc.6.6.845
Jenik PD, Gillmor CS, Lukowitz W (2007) Embryonic patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 23:207–236. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.011105.102609
Jin F, Hu L, Yuan D, Xu J et al (2014) Comparative transcriptome analysis between somatic embryos (SEs) and zygotic embryos in cotton: evidence for stress response functions in SE development. Plant Biotechnol J 12:161–173. doi:10.1111/pbi.12123
Jiménez-Hidalgo I, Virgen-Calleros G, Martinez-de la Vega O et al (2004) Identification and characterization of bacteria causing soft-rot in Agave tequilana. Eur J Plant Pathol 110:317–331. doi:10.1023/B:EJPP.0000019791.81935.6d
Kant P (2010) Could Agave be the species of choice for climate change mitigation? IGREC Working Paper IGREC-11: 2010, Institute of Green Economy, New Delhi http://www.igrec.in/could_agave_be_the_species_of_choice_for_climate_change_mitigation.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2015
Lau S, Slane D, Herud O et al (2012) Early embryogenesis in flowering plants: setting up the basic body pattern. Annu Rev Plant Biol 63:483–506. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105507
Leljak-Levanić D, Mihaljević S, Bauer N (2015) Somatic and zygotic embryos share common developmental features at the onset of plant embryogenesis. Acta Physiol Plant 37:127. doi:10.1007/s11738-015-1875-y
Li H, Pattathil S, Foston MB et al (2014) Agave proves to be a low recalcitrant lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuels production on semi-arid lands. Biotechnol Biofuel 7:50. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-7-50
Li H, Foston MB, Kumar R (2012) Chemical composition and characterization of cellulose for Agave as a fast growing, drought-tolerant biofuels feedstock. RSC Adv. 2:4951–4958. doi:10.1039/c2ra20557b
López MG, Urıas-Silvas, J (2007) Agave fructans as prebiotics. Recent Advances in Fructooligosaccharides Research. In: Shiami N, Benkeblia N, Ondera S (eds) Research Signpost, Kerala, India, p 297–310
Martínez-Palacios A, Ortega-Larrocea MP, Chávez VM et al (2003) Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of Agave victoriae-reginae: Considerations for its conservation. Plant Cell Tiss Org 74:135–142. doi:10.1023/A:1023933123131
Mere-Villanueva G, Vazquez-Alejandro V (2003) Bombardeo de callos embriogénicos de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.) y su regeneración con la proteína G del virus de la rabia. Bachelor’s thesis. UNAM, México
Monja-Mio KM, Robert ML (2013) Direct somatic embryogenesis of Agave fourcroydes Lem. through thin cell layer culture. In Vitro Cell Dev-Pl 49:541–549. doi:10.1007/s11627-013-9535-7
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Nikam TD, Bansude GM, Kumar KCA (2003) Somatic embryogenesis in sisal (Agave sisalana Perr. Ex. Engelm). Plant Cell Rep 22:188–194. doi:10.1007/s00299-003-0675-9
Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163:85–87. doi:10.1126/science.163.3862.85
Phillips GC, Collins GB (1979) In vitro tissue culture of selected legumes and plant regeneration from callus cultures of red clover. Crop Sci 19:59–64. doi:10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900010014x
Portillo L, Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F, Gutiérrez-Mora A et al (2007) Somatic embryogenesis in Agave tequilana Weber cultivar azul. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 43:569–575. doi:10.1007/s11627-007-9046-5
Portillo L, Olmedilla A, Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F (2012) Cellular and molecular changes associated with somatic embryogenesis induction in Agave tequilana. Protoplasma 249:1101–1107. doi:10.1007/s00709-011-0354-6
Rodríguez-Domínguez JM (2000) Radiosensibilidad de callos embriogénicos de Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul. MsC Thesis. Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
Rodriguez-Garay B, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Acosta Dueñas B (1996) Somatic embryogenesis of Agave victoria-reginae Moore. Plant Cell Tiss Org 46:85–87. doi:10.1007/BF00039700
Rodríguez-Sahagún A, Acevedo-Hernández G, Rodríguez-Domínguez JM et al (2011) Effect of light quality and culture medium on somatic embryogenesis of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul Plant Cell Tiss Org 104:271–275. doi:10.1007/s11240-010-9815-4
Rodríguez-Garay B, Gutiérrez-Mora A, González-Gutiérrez AG (2014) Climate change reaches the Tequila country. In: Gutiérrez-Mora A (ed) Rodríguez-Garay B, Contreras-Ramos SM, Kirchmayr MR, González-Ávila M (Comps) Sustainable and Integral Exploitation of Agave. CIATEJ-CONACYT, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. http://www.ciatej.net.mx/agave/1.7agave.pdf. Accessed 2 Jul 2015
Ruvalcaba-Ruíz D (2003) Estudios citogenéticos en Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul. PhD Thesis. Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
Ruvalcaba-Ruíz D, Palomino G, Martínez J et al (2012) In vitro induction of a trisomic of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul (Agavaceae) by para-fluorophenylalanine treatment. In Vitro Cell Dev-Pl 48:144–152. doi:10.1007/s11627-011-9405-0
Šamaj J, Bobák M, Blehová A et al (2006) Importance of cytoskeleton and cell wall in somatic embryogenesis. In: Mujib A, Šamaj J (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p 35–50. doi:10.1007/7089_024
Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F, Liberato Portillo L (2009) Thin cell suspension layer as a new methodology for somatic embryogenesis in Agave tequilana Weber cultivar Azul. Ind Crop Prod 29:609–614. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.12.001
Sargant E (1903) A theory of the origin of monocotyledons founded on the structure of their seedlings. Ann Bot 17:1–92
Schenk RV, Hildebrandt AC (1972) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can J Bot 50:199–204. doi:10.1139/b72-026
Sokoloff DD, Remizowa MV, Conran JG et al (2014) Embryo and seedling morphology in Trithuria lantern (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales): new data for infrafamilial systematics and a novel type of syncotyly. Bot J Linn Soc 174:551–573. doi:10.1111/boj.12151
Srinivasan M, Bratia IS (1953) The carbohydrates of Agave vera-cruz Mill. Biochem J 55:286–289. doi:10.1042/bj0550286
Sundaresan V, Alandete-Saez M (2010) Pattern formation in miniature: the female gametophyte of flowering plants. Development 137:179–189. doi:10.1242/dev.030346
Tejavathi DH, Rajanna MD, Sowmya R et al (2007) Induction of somatic embryos from cultures of Agave vera-cruz Mill. In Vitro Cell Biol-Pl 43:423–428. doi:10.1007/s11627-007-9088-8
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1998) Clean Development Mechanism. http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php and http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/clean_development_mechanism/items/2718.php. Accessed 2 June 2015
Valenzuela A (2010) A new agenda for blue agave landraces: food, energy and tequila. GCB Bioenergy 3:15–24. doi:10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01082.x
Velázquez-Martínez JR, González-Cervantes RM, Hernández-Gallegos MA et al (2014) Prebiotic potential of Agave angustifolia Haw fructans with different degrees of polymerization. Molecules 19:12660–12675. doi:10.3390/molecules190812660
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rodríguez-Garay, B. (2016). Somatic Embryogenesis in Agave spp.. In: Loyola-Vargas, V., Ochoa-Alejo, N. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33704-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33705-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)