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A Comparative Analysis of Detecting Symmetries in Toroidal Topology

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Intelligent Systems and Applications

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 650))

Abstract

In late 1940s and with the introduction of cellular automata, various types of problems in computer science and other multidisciplinary fields have started utilising this new technique. The generative capabilities of cellular automata have been used for simulating various natural, physical and chemical phenomena. Aside from these applications, the lattice grid of cellular automata has been providing a by-product interface to generate graphical patterns for digital art creation. One notable aspect of cellular automata is symmetry, detecting of which is often a difficult task and computationally expensive. This paper uses a swarm intelligence algorithm—Stochastic Diffusion Search—to extend and generalise previous works and detect partial symmetries in cellular automata generated patterns. The newly proposed technique tailored to address the spatially-independent symmetry problem is also capable of identifying the absolute point of symmetry (where symmetry holds from all perspectives) in a given pattern. Therefore, along with partially symmetric areas, the centre of symmetry is highlighted through the convergence of the agents of the swarm intelligence algorithm. Additionally this paper proposes the use of entropy and information gain measure as a complementary tool in order to offer insight into the structure of the input cellular automata generated images. It is shown that using these technique provides a comprehensive picture about both the structure of the images as well as the presence of any complete or spatially-independent symmetries. These technique are potentially applicable in the domain of aesthetic evaluation where symmetry is one of the measures.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Micro-features are used in the test phase of SDS to determine the status of the agent (i.e. active or inactive).

  2. 2.

    Given the size of the side of search space is \(ssSize = 129\), the population size for this pattern is \(pSize = \frac{129^2}{4} =\) 4,160.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK

    Mohammad Ali Javaheri Javid, Wajdi Alghamdi, Robert Zimmer & Mohammad Majid al-Rifaie

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  1. Mohammad Ali Javaheri Javid
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  2. Wajdi Alghamdi
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  3. Robert Zimmer
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  4. Mohammad Majid al-Rifaie
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Correspondence to Mohammad Ali Javaheri Javid .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom

    Yaxin Bi

  2. The Science and Information (SAI) Organization, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

    Supriya Kapoor

  3. The Science and Information (SAI) Organization, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

    Rahul Bhatia

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Javaheri Javid, M.A., Alghamdi, W., Zimmer, R., al-Rifaie, M.M. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Detecting Symmetries in Toroidal Topology. In: Bi, Y., Kapoor, S., Bhatia, R. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 650. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33386-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33386-1_16

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