Abstract
Popliteal entrapment syndrome (PES) is a rare disorder characterized by popliteal artery compression and symptoms of lower extremity ischemia. It is divided into two main subgroups – anatomic and functional popliteal entrapment. Anatomic popliteal entrapment was first described in the 1870s and is caused by abnormal anatomic development of the popliteal artery and/or gastrocnemius muscle. Functional PES is caused by hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius/soleus complex in anatomically normal subjects. Patients typically present in the second to third decades of life, are physically active and may be professional athletes, and have no other cardiovascular risk factors for the development of vascular disease. Surgical intervention via myotomy of the medial head of the gastrocnemius or myotomy plus interposition vein or prosthetic graft for more advanced disease remains the cornerstone of therapy for these patients; however long-term quality of life data is limited to retrospective reviews.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gibson MHL, Mills JG, Johnson GE, Downs AR, Lansing E. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. Ann Surg. 1977;185:341–8.
Di Marzo L, Venturini L. Contemporary treatment of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Rev Vasc Med. 2014;2(2):73–6. doi:10.1016/j.rvm.2014.01.001.
Landry GJ, Edwards JM. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. In: Moore WS, University of C-LA, editors. Vascular and endovascular surgery: a comprehensive review. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.; 2013. p. 123–4.
O’Leary DP, O’Brien G, Fulton G. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2010;1(2):13–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2010.07.003.
Stuart TPA. Note on a variation in the course of the popliteal. Artery. 1879;64. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1309875/pdf/janatphys00164-0040.pdf.
Causey MW, Singh N, Miller S, Quan R, Curry T, Andersen C. Intraoperative duplex and functional popliteal entrapment syndrome: strategy for effective treatment. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24(4):556–61. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2009.07.036.
Sinha S, Houghton J, Holt PJ, Thompson MM, Loftus IM, Hinchliffe RJ. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(1):252–62.e30. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.050.
Liu Y, Sun Y, He X, et al. Imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: a single-center experience. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28(2):330–7. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2013.01.021.
Pillai J. A current interpretation of popliteal vascular entrapment. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(6 Suppl):61S-5S; discussion 65S. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.049.
Lane R, Nguyen T, Cuzzilla M, Oomens D, Mohabbat W, Hazelton S. Functional popliteal entrapment syndrome in the sportsperson. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012;43(1):81–7. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.10.013.
Di Marzo L. Diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: the role of duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13(3):434–8. Available at: http://www.jvascsurg.org/article/0741-5214(91)70048-C/abstract?showall=true.
Turnipseed WD. Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: a poorly understood and often missed diagnosis that is frequently mistreated. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(5):1189–95. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.12.005.
Di Marzo L, Cavallaro A, O’Donnell SD, Shigematsu H, Levien LJ, Rich NM. Endovascular stenting for popliteal vascular entrapment is not recommended. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24(8):1135.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2010.03.010.
Zayed M, Fredericson M, Fleischmann D, Lee JT. PS154. Debulking of the anterolateral quadrant of the medial gastrocnemius for functional popliteal entrapment syndrome in high-performance athletes. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(6):71S. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2014.03.158.
Igari K, Sugano N, Kudo T, et al. Surgical treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Ann Vasc Dis. 2014;7(1):28–33. doi:10.3400/avd.oa.13-00081.
Radowsky J, Patel B, Fox CJ. Delayed presentations of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in a middle-aged military population. Ann Vasc Surg. 2013;27(8):1184.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2012.11.012.
Kim S-Y, Min S-K, Ahn S, Min S-I, Ha J, Kim SJ. Long-term outcomes after revascularization for advanced popliteal artery entrapment syndrome with segmental arterial occlusion. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(1):90–7. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.06.107.
Bustabad MR, Ysa A, Pérez E, et al. Popliteal artery entrapment: eight years experience. EJVES Extra. 2006;12(4):43–51. doi:10.1016/j.ejvsextra.2006.05.003.
Turnipseed WD. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(5):910–5. doi:10.1067/mva.2002.123752.
Ohara N. Surgical treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;9(2):141–4. doi:10.1016/S0967-2109(00)00110-1.
Levien LJ, Veller MG. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: more common than previously recognized. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30(4):587–98. doi:10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70098-4.
Di Marzo L, Cavallaro A, Mingoli A, Sapienza P, Tedesco M, Stipa S. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: the role of early diagnosis and treatment. Surgery. 1997;122(1):26–31. doi:10.1016/S0039-6060(97)90260-9.
McMurrich’s JP. The development of the human body; a manual of human embryology. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co.; 1907.
Rich NM, Collins Jr G, McDonald PT, et al. Popliteal vascular entrapment: its increasing interest. Arch Surg. 1979;114:1377–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heneghan, R.E., Singh, N. (2017). In Patients with Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome, Does Surgery Improve Quality of Life?. In: Skelly, C., Milner, R. (eds) Difficult Decisions in Vascular Surgery. Difficult Decisions in Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33293-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33293-2_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33291-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33293-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)