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The Psychiatric Interview for Differential Diagnosis pp 191–208Cite as

Varieties of Anxiety

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Abstract

Anxiety is widespread across all mental disorders, both as moods and as situational affects. The specific psychopathological quality and context of symptoms serve as diagnostic guidance.

Anxiety as mood is also part of depressive agony and of certain mood states in schizophrenia, e.g., delusional mood and ontological anxiety. Panic attacks frequently accompany a wide range of mental disorders but may also be confused with attack-like phenomena of a different character: night terrors, dysesthetic crises, partial epileptic fits, etc.

Social anxiety in the broad sense of the word, i.e., distress in social situations, accompanies all kinds of psychopathology in the interpersonal field, most of all within the schizophrenia spectrum. The exploration of social anxiety is a gateway to psychopathology.

Besides in classic OCD, obsessive-compulsive-like phenomena abound in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and mood disorders, but here they often fail to fulfill the narrow diagnostic criteria: obtrusive, unreasonable thoughts, which are resisted and counteracted by the aid of compulsions, causally related to the obsessions. Pseudo-obsessions are near-psychotic symptoms; pseudo-compulsions are like catatonic magical rituals. Compulsions should be distinguished from stereotypies, tics, morbid geometrism, etc. This chapter also touches on hypochondriasis and dysmorphophobia, usually grouped with anxiety disorders.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An “obsessive-compulsive and related disorders” grouping is under consideration for ICD-11, Stein et al. (2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mental Health Center Hvidovre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Broenby, Denmark

    Lennart Jansson

  2. Early Psychosis Intervention Center Region Zealand & Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Broenby, Denmark

    Julie Nordgaard

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  1. Lennart Jansson
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  2. Julie Nordgaard
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Jansson, L., Nordgaard, J. (2016). Varieties of Anxiety. In: The Psychiatric Interview for Differential Diagnosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33249-9_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33249-9_10

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