The Microprocessor Revolution

Abstract

A microprocessor is a central part of a modern personal computer (or computer device). It integrates the functions of a central processing unit (the part of a computer that processes the program instructions) onto a single integrated circuit and places a vast amount of processing power in a tiny space.

Intel’s invention of the microprocessor in 1971 was a revolution in computing, and it placed the power of a computer on a tiny chip. It was initially developed as an enhancement to allow users to add more memory to their units. However, it soon became clear that the microprocessor had great potential for everything from calculators to cash registers and traffic lights. Its invention made personal computers, tablets and mobile phones possible.

We discuss early microprocessors such as the Intel 4004, the 8-bit Intel 8080 and the 8-bit Motorola 6800. The 16-bit Intel 8086 was introduced in 1978 and the 16/32-bit Motorola 68000 was released in 1979. The 8-bit Intel 8088 (the cheaper 8-bit variant of the Intel 8086) was introduced in 1979, and it was chosen as the microprocessor for the IBM personal computer.