Abstract
The omnipresence of social exclusion in everyday life and its negative impact on human functioning underscore the relevance of this topic as a field of research. Not surprisingly, social exclusion has been investigated across psychological subdisciplines. This volume is dedicated to bringing together the psychological subdisciplines’ different approaches to the topic in order to further advance our understanding of this phenomenon. In this concluding chapter, we want to look back to the theories, methods, and findings reviewed in this volume, point out similarities and differences between them, and provide starting points to bridge the gap between different psychological approaches to the topic of social exclusion. Specifically, we discuss the importance of using a consistent terminology for different types of social exclusion experiences across psychological subdisciplines, and relevant issues with regard to methods for investigating social exclusion effects. We also discuss similarities and differences of theoretical models developed within different psychological approaches. Finally, we discuss the reviewed research on interventions aimed at reducing either the occurrence of social exclusion or its negative impact on individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
Bernstein, M. J., & Claypool, H. M. (2012a). Not all social exclusions are created equal: Emotional distress following social exclusion is moderated by exclusion paradigm. Social Influence, 7, 113–130.
Bernstein, M. J., & Claypool, H. M. (2012b). Social exclusion and pain sensitivity: Why exclusion sometimes hurts and sometimes numbs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 185–196.
Bernstein, M. J., Claypool, H. M., Young, S. G., Tuscherer, T., Sacco, D. F., & Brown, C. M. (2013). Never let them see you cry: Self-presentation as a moderator of the relationship between exclusion and self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 1293–1305.
Carstensen, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7, 331–338.
Carstensen, L. L., Fung, X., & Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 103–123.
Chartrand, T. L., & van Baaren, R. (2009). Human mimicry. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 41, pp. 219–274). New York, NY: Elsevier Academic Press.
Chester, D. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2014). Prefrontal recruitment during social rejection predicts greater subsequent self-regulatory imbalance and impairment: Neural and longitudinal evidence. NeuroImage, 101, 485–493.
Chester, D. S., Pond, R. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2015). Alexithymia is associated with blunted anterior cingulate response to social rejection: Implications for daily rejection. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 517–522.
Hitlin, S. (2007). Doing good, feeling good: Values and the self’s moral center. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 249–259.
Lakin, J. L., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Using nonconscious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport. Psychological Science, 14, 334–339.
Lakin, J. L., Chartrand, T. L., & Arkin, R. M. (2008). I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. Psychological Science, 19, 816–822.
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1–62). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518–530.
Lee, J., & Shrum, L. J. (2012). Conspicuous consumption versus charitable behavior in response to social exclusion: A differential needs explanation. Journal of Consumer Research, 39, 530–544.
Molden, D. C., Lucas, G. M., Gardner, W. L., Dean, K., & Knowles, M. L. (2009). Motivations for prevention or promotion following social exclusion: Being rejected versus being ignored. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 415–431.
Pickett, C. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). The social monitoring system: Enhanced sensitivity to social cues as an adaptive response to social exclusion. In K. Williams, J. Forgas, & W. von Hippel (Eds.), The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying (pp. 213–226). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Richman, L. S., & Leary, M. R. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A multimotive model. Psychological Review, 116, 365–383.
Riva, P., Montali, L., Wirth, J. H., Curioni, S., & Williams, K. D. (2016). Chronic social exclusion and evidence for the resignation stage: An empirical investigation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0265407516644348.
Scott, K. L., & Duffy, M. K. (2015). Antecedents of workplace ostracism: New directions in research and intervention. In P. L. Perrewé, J. R. B. Halbesleben, & C. C. Rosen (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being (Vol. 13, pp. 137–165). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Scott, K. L., & Thau, S. (2013). Theory and research on social exclusion in work groups. In C. N. DeWall (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social exclusion (pp. 65–73). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sommer, K. L., & Bernieri, F. (2015). Minimizing the pain and probability of rejection: Evidence for relational distancing and proximity seeking within face-to-face interactions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 131–139.
Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can’t join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1058–1069.
Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 222–244.
Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425–452.
Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: Effects of being excluded and ignored. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 41, pp. 275–314). New York, NY: Elsevier Academic Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eck, J., Riva, P. (2016). Bridging the Gap Between Different Psychological Approaches to Understanding and Reducing the Impact of Social Exclusion. In: Riva, P., Eck, J. (eds) Social Exclusion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33033-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33033-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33031-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33033-4
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)