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Exploring the Microbiology of the Deep Sea

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Abstract

In this chapter the current knowledge of the diversity of piezophiles isolated so far is reviewed. The isolated piezophiles originated from high-pressure environments such as the cold deep sea, hydrothermal vents, and crustal rocks. Several “stress” conditions can be experienced in these environments, in particular high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Discoveries of abundant life in diverse high-pressure environments (deep biosphere) support the existence and an adaptation of life to HHP. At least 50 piezophilic and piezotolerant Bacteria and Archaea have been isolated from different deep-sea environments but these do not by far cover the large metabolic diversity of known microorganisms thriving in deep biospheres. The field of biology of piezophiles has suffered essentially from the requirements for high-pressure retaining sample containments and culturing laboratory equipment, which is technically complicated and expensive. Only a few prototypes of HHP bioreactors have been developed by a number of research groups and this could explain the limited number of piezophiles isolated up till now.

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Acknowledgments

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 311975. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D’Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Mohamed Jebbar

  2. Food Safety, Environment and Genetics, Matís Ohf., Vinlandsleið 12, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Pauline Vannier & Viggó Thór Marteinsson

  3. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Grégoire Michoud

  4. Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311, Borgarnes, Iceland

    Viggó Thór Marteinsson

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  1. Mohamed Jebbar
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  3. Grégoire Michoud
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  4. Viggó Thór Marteinsson
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Correspondence to Mohamed Jebbar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Neth. Inst. f. Sea Res., University of Amsterdam, Yerseke, The Netherlands

    Lucas J. Stal

  2. Royal Neth. Inst. f. Sea Research, University of Amsterdam, Yerseke, The Netherlands

    Mariana Silvia Cretoiu

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Jebbar, M., Vannier, P., Michoud, G., Marteinsson, V.T. (2016). Exploring the Microbiology of the Deep Sea. In: Stal, L., Cretoiu, M. (eds) The Marine Microbiome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33000-6_8

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