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Fertility Risk with Cancer Therapy

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Pediatric and Adolescent Oncofertility

Abstract

Advances in cancer treatments have significantly changed the outcome for pediatric cancers with 5-year survival rates approaching 75–80 %. With improvements in treatment, 1 in 25 cancer survivors will be of reproductive age [1]. Fertility compromise occurs in 8–12 % of female survivors [2] and one-third of adult male survivors of childhood cancer [3]. Manifestations of gonadal injury include disordered puberty from hormonal deficiency, decreased reproductive and sexual function, psychosocial effects, and menopause-related health problems in female survivors such as cardiac, skeletal, and cognitive dysfunction. Standard options for fertility preservation include sperm, oocyte, and embryo banking. Investigational options include testicular, ovarian, and immature oocyte cryopreservation [4, 5]. Most options are invasive and costly, and standard options in females require a minimum of 2 weeks of intervention prior to proceeding with cancer treatment [6]. Estimating risk prior to therapy allows determination and implementation of the appropriate fertility preserving therapies. Identifying agents that protect the ovary prior to and during cancer therapy may mitigate the need for invasive and costly fertility preserving therapies while preserving hormonal function after cancer treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA

    Leslie A. Appiah MD

  2. Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA

    Leslie A. Appiah MD

  3. Department Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Memphis, TN, USA

    Daniel M. Green MD

  4. Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Daniel M. Green MD

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  1. Leslie A. Appiah MD
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Correspondence to Leslie A. Appiah MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Teresa K. Woodruff

  2. Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Yasmin C. Gosiengfiao

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Appiah, L.A., Green, D.M. (2017). Fertility Risk with Cancer Therapy. In: Woodruff, T., Gosiengfiao, Y. (eds) Pediatric and Adolescent Oncofertility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32973-4_1

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