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Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents pp 253–290Cite as

How to Teach Old Antibiotics New Tricks

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Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or more generally host defense peptides, have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and use nonspecific interactions to target generic features common to the membranes of many pathogens. As a result, development of resistance to such natural defenses is inhibited compared to conventional antibiotics. The disadvantage of AMPs, however, is that they are often not very potent. In contrast, traditional antibiotics typically have strong potency, but due to a broad range of bacterial defense mechanisms, there are many examples of resistance. Here, we explore the possibility of combining these two classes of molecules. In the first half of this chapter, we review the fundamentals of membrane curvature generation and the various strategies recently used to mimic this membrane activity of AMPs using different classes of synthetic molecules. In the second half, we show that it is possible to impart membrane activity to molecules with no previous membrane activity, and summarize some of our recent works which aim to combine advantages of traditional antibiotics and AMPs into a single molecule with multiple mechanisms of killing as well as multiple mechanisms of specificity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Stephanie Deshayes, Michelle W. Lee, Wujing Xian, Andrea Kasko & Gerard C. L. Wong

  2. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Michelle W. Lee, Wujing Xian & Gerard C. L. Wong

  3. California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Andrea Kasko & Gerard C. L. Wong

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Nathan W. Schmidt

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  1. Stephanie Deshayes
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  2. Michelle W. Lee
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  4. Wujing Xian
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Correspondence to Gerard C. L. Wong .

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  1. Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Richard M. Epand

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Deshayes, S., Lee, M.W., Schmidt, N.W., Xian, W., Kasko, A., Wong, G.C.L. (2016). How to Teach Old Antibiotics New Tricks. In: Epand, R. (eds) Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_10

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