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Advances in Ovarian Cancer and Ongoing Clinical Trials

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Gynecological Cancers

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Oncology ((CCO))

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Abstract

Bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has gained European Medicine Agency approval for the frontline treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, and for the treatment of first recurrence of platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in combination with carboplatin and gemcitabine. The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy as frontline treatment (GOG-0218 and ICON7) or in recurrent disease (OCEANS and AURELIA) shows significant efficiency. Promising data have been published for a number of emerging antiangiogenic agents.

Currently, single agent trabectedin is approved for treatment of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, and in association with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of patients with relapsed partially platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. In particular, its peculiar mechanisms of action suggest its potential activity in specific subsets of ovarian cancer patients endowed with BRCA mutation or the so-called BRCAness phenotype (i.e., serous, high-grade carcinomas; repeated response to platinum-based regimens); this is likely to enlarge in the future the clinical settings in which candidates can take advantage of even single agent trabectedin.

PARP inhibitors are proteins involved in the base excision repair of DNA single-strand breaks and represent one of the most promising targeted therapy demonstrating single-agent activity in BRCA-related and sporadic high grade serous ovarian cancer. Active search is ongoing in order to define biomarkers predictive of response to these novel treatments, and also to help clarify the biological mechanisms sustaining the achievement of long-lasting stable disease.

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Masciullo, V., Di Cesare, C., Paris, I. (2016). Advances in Ovarian Cancer and Ongoing Clinical Trials. In: Giordano, A., Macaluso, M. (eds) Gynecological Cancers. Current Clinical Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32907-9_4

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