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Phosphatases: Their Roles in Cancer and Their Chemical Modulators

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Protein Targeting Compounds

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 917))

Abstract

Phosphatases are involved in basically all cellular processes by dephosphorylating cellular components such as proteins, phospholipids and second messengers. They counteract kinases of which many are established oncogenes, and therefore kinases are one of the most important drug targets for targeted cancer therapy. Due to this relationship between kinases and phosphatases, phosphatases are traditionally assumed to be tumour suppressors. However, research findings over the last years prove that this simplification is incorrect, as bona-fide and putative phosphatase oncogenes have been identified. We describe here the role of phosphatases in cancer, tumour suppressors and oncogenes, and their chemical modulators, and discuss new approaches and opportunities for phosphatases as drug targets.

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Abbreviations

ATM:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase

BCAR1:

Breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 1

Chk2:

Cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2

DEP-1:

Density-enhanced phosphatase-1

DUSPs:

Dual specificity phosphatases

IZD:

Isothiazolidinone

JMML:

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

LOH:

Loss of heterozygosity

PDZ:

PSD95/Dlg/ZO1

PEST:

Domain rich in proline, glutamate, serine and threonine

PH:

Pleckstrin homology

PHLPP:

PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PIP3:

Phosphainositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PPPs:

Phosphoprotein phosphatases

PRL:

Phosphatases of regenerating liver

PSTKs:

Protein serine/threonine kinases

PSTPs:

Protein serine/threonine phosphatases

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10

PTKs:

Protein tyrosine kinases

PTPs:

Protein tyrosine phosphatases

PTPα or RPTPα:

Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase α

RPTP:

Membrane bound receptor like protein tyrosine phosphatase

SFKs:

Src family kinases

SH2:

Src homology 2

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

TCPTP:

T-cell phosphatase

WIP1:

Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1

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  1. Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

    Miriam Fontanillo & Maja Köhn

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  1. Miriam Fontanillo
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Correspondence to Maja Köhn .

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  1. Recombinant protein exprsn/Intrabdy unit, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Rese, Braunschweig, Germany

    Thomas Böldicke

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Fontanillo, M., Köhn, M. (2016). Phosphatases: Their Roles in Cancer and Their Chemical Modulators. In: Böldicke, T. (eds) Protein Targeting Compounds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 917. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_10

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