Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Okkam Synapsis: Connecting Vocabularies Across Systems and Users

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces (SWCS 2014, SWCS 2013)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9507))

Abstract

In the past 10-15 years, a large amount of resources have been devoted to develop highly sophisticated and effective tools for automated and semi-automated schema-vocabulary-ontology matching and alignment. However, very little effort has been made to consolidate the outputs, in particular to share the resulting mappings with the community of researchers and practitioners, support a community-driven revision/evaluation of mappings and make them reusable. Yet, mappings are an extremely valuable asset, as they provide an integration map for the web of data and the “glue” for the Global Giant Graph envisaged by Tim Berners-Lee. Aiming at kicking-off a positive endeavor, we have developed Synapsis, a platform to support a community-driven lifecycle of contextual mappings across ontologies, vocabularies and schemas. Okkam Synapsis offers utilities to load, create, maintain, annotate, subscribe, and define levels of agreement over user-defined contextual mappings. Furthermore, in order to ease the development of Semantic (Web) applications, Synapsis supports the creation of sets of mappings associated with an application placeholder. On the one hand, this allows developers to easily create and manipulate all the mappings required for their own application without affecting other users. On the other hand, a measure of Sharedness for the mappings defined across application contexts is proposed to enable the implementation of ranking metrics that can be used to order the mappings managed through Synapsis. Aiming at supporting a growing number of users, Synapsis was positively tested to be scalable in the order of millions of mappings, performing experiments with synthetic data. Applying the Data-as-a-Service (DaaS) paradigm, the sets of mappings created and managed by Synapsis are also available through REST services, to further facilitate integration into applications working with heterogeneous data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://models.okkam.org/identification_ontology.owl.

  2. 2.

    http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/.

  3. 3.

    http://openrefine.org/.

  4. 4.

    https://jena.apache.org/.

  5. 5.

    Virtual International Authority File https://viaf.org/.

  6. 6.

    http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Country.

  7. 7.

    http://schema.org/AdministrativeArea.

  8. 8.

    http://linkedgeodata.org/ontology/Country.

  9. 9.

    http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/5/tutorial/doc/bnaph.html.

  10. 10.

    https://jersey.java.net/.

  11. 11.

    http://hibernate.org/orm/.

  12. 12.

    https://www.mysql.com/.

  13. 13.

    https://www.java.com/en/.

  14. 14.

    http://junit.org/.

  15. 15.

    http://jmeter.apache.org/.

  16. 16.

    http://models.okkam.org/identification_ontology.owl ([5] Chap. 5).

  17. 17.

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

References

  1. Antoniou, G., van Harmelen, F.: A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J.A., Lassila, O.: The Semantic Web. Scientific American, May 2001. http://www.sciam.com/2001/0501issue/0501berners-lee.html

  3. Berners-Lee, T.: Design Issues - Linked Data. Published online, May 2007. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

  4. Bizer, C., Cyganiak, R., Heath, T.: How to publish linked data on the web. online tutorial, July 2007

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bortoli, S.: Knowledge Based Open Entity Matching. PhD thesis, International Doctoral School in ICT of the University of Trento (Italy) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bortoli, S., Bouquet, P., Bazzanella, B.: An identification ontology for entity matching. In: Meersman, R., et al. (eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2014 Workshops. LNCS, vol. 8842, pp. 587–596. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bouquet, P., Stoermer, H., Niederee, C., Mana, A.: Entity name system: The backbone of an open and scalable web of data. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC 2008, pp. 554–561. IEEE Computer Society, August 2008

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bouquet, P., Giunchiglia, F., van Harmelen, F., Serafini, L., Stuckenschmidt, H.: C-OWL: contextualizing ontologies. In: Fensel, D., Sycara, K., Mylopoulos, J. (eds.) ISWC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2870, pp. 164–179. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Cohen, J.: A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ. Psychol. Measur. 20(1), 37–46 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. David, J., Euzenat, J., Scharffe, F., dos Santos, C.T.: The alignment appi 4.0. Semant. Web J. 2(1), 3–10 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ellis, J.B., Hassanzadeh, O., Srinivas, K., Ward, M.J.: Collective ontology alignment. In: OM, pp. 219–220 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Euzenat, J.: Uncertainty in crowdsourcing ontology matching. In: OM, pp. 221–222 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fleiss, J.L.: Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol. Bull. 76(5), 378–382 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fu, B., Noy, N.F., Storey, M.-A.: Indented tree or graph? a usability study of ontology visualization techniques in the context of class mapping evaluation. In: Alani, H., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2013, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8218, pp. 117–134. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Gangemi, A., Presutti, V.: Ontology design patterns. In: Staab, S., Studer, R. (eds.) Handbook on Ontologies. International Handbooks on Information Systems, pp. 221–243. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Masolo, C., Oltramari, A., Schneider, L.: Sweetening ontologies with DOLCE. In: Gómez-Pérez, A., Benjamins, V.R. (eds.) EKAW 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2473, pp. 166–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Alani, H., Correndo, G.: Collaborative support for community data sharing. In: Proceedings of The 2nd Workshop on Collective Intelligence in Semantic Web and Social Networks (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  18. W3C OWL Working Group. Owl2 web ontology language: Document overview, 27 October 2009. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/

  19. Guarino, N., Welty, C.: An overview of ontoclean. In: Staab, S., Studer, R. (eds.) The Handbook on Ontologies. International Handbooks on Information Systems, pp. 151–172. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Halpin, H., Hayes, P.J., McCusker, J.P., McGuinness, D.L., Thompson, H.S.: When owl:sameAs Isn’t the Same: an analysis of identity in linked data. In: Patel-Schneider, P.F., Pan, Y., Hitzler, P., Mika, P., Zhang, L., Pan, J.Z., Horrocks, I., Glimm, B. (eds.) ISWC 2010, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6496, pp. 305–320. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Hitzler, P., Kroetzsch, M., Parsia, B., Patel-Schneider, P.F., Rudolph, S.: OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer (Second edition). W3C (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Landis, R.J., Koch, G.G.: The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1), 159–174 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Manola, F., Miller, E., McBride, B.: RDF 1.1 Primer. W3C, w3c working group note edition, June 2014

    Google Scholar 

  24. Markotschi, T., Völker, J.: Guess What?! human intelligence for mining linked data. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Injection into and Extraction from Linked Data (KIELD) at the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Noy, N.F., Griffith, N., Musen, M.A.: Collecting community-based mappings in an ontology repository. In: Sheth, A.P., Staab, S., Dean, M., Paolucci, M., Maynard, D., Finin, T., Thirunarayan, K. (eds.) ISWC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5318, pp. 371–386. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Patel-Schneider, P.F., Hayes, P., Horrocks, I.: Web Ontology Language (OWL) Abstract Syntax and Semantics. Technical report W3C, February 2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/

  27. Pavel, S., Euzenat, J.: Ontology matching: state of the art and future challenges. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 25(1), 158–176 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Quine, W.: Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. Columbia University Press, New York (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Raad, E., Evermann, J.: Is ontology alignment like analogy? - knowledge integration with lisa. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Republic of Korea (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sarasua, C., Simperl, E., Noy, N.F.: CrowdMap: crowdsourcing ontology alignment with microtasks. In: Cudré-Mauroux, P., et al. (eds.) The Semantic Web - ISWC 2012. LNCS, pp. 525–541. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Serafini, L., Zanobini, S., Sceffer, S., Bouquet, P.: Matching hierarchical classifications with attributes. In: Sure, Y., Domingue, J. (eds.) ESWC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4011, pp. 4–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Shvaiko, P., Euzenat, J.: Ten challenges for ontology matching. In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z. (eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2008. LNCS, vol. 5332, pp. 1164–1182. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Thaler, S., Simperl, E., Siorpaes, K.: Spotthelink: playful alignment of ontologies. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2011, pp. 1711–1712. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tordai, A.: On Combining Alignment Techniques. PhD thesis, Vreije Universiteit Amsterdam, 03 December 2012

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tordai, A., van Ossenbruggen, J., Schreiber, G., Wielinga, B.: Let’s agree to disagree: on the evaluation of vocabulary alignment. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Knowledge Capture, K-CAP 2011, pp. 65–72. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Verborgh, R., De Wilde, M.: Using OpenRefine. PACKT Publishing, Birmingham (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhdanova, A.V., Shvaiko, P.: Community-driven ontology matching. In: Sure, Y., Domingue, J. (eds.) The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS, vol. 4011, pp. 34–49. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is partially supported by TAG CLOUD (Technologies lead to Adaptability and lifelong enGagement with culture throughout the CLOUD) FP7 EU Funded project, Grant agreement nr: 600924. This work has been partially funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento through SICRaS project (Legge 6/1999, DD n. 251).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Okkam SRL, Via Segantini 23, 38121, Trento, Italy

    Stefano Bortoli & Paolo Bouquet

  2. University of Trento - DISI, Via Sommarive, 14, 38123, Trento, Italy

    Paolo Bouquet & Barbara Bazzanella

Authors
  1. Stefano Bortoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paolo Bouquet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Barbara Bazzanella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano Bortoli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Nantes, Nantes, France

    Pascal Molli

  2. National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    John G. Breslin

  3. Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela

    Maria-Esther Vidal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bortoli, S., Bouquet, P., Bazzanella, B. (2016). Okkam Synapsis: Connecting Vocabularies Across Systems and Users. In: Molli, P., Breslin, J., Vidal, ME. (eds) Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces. SWCS SWCS 2014 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9507. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32667-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32667-2_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32666-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32667-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation