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Snow Avalanche Activity in Southern Carpathians (Romanian Carpathians)

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Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania

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Abstract

Snow avalanches represent an undeniable reality in the Romanian Carpathians both as a geomorphic process and as a type of hazard, and cause damage to transportation routes or tourism infrastructure and losses of human lives. In this context, the past snow avalanche activity is poorly evaluated, even if these mountains are known for the high occurrence of snow avalanches. The scientific analysis of snow avalanches using dendrogeomorphologic approach is recent in the Romanian Carpathians. The first results were obtained in the Făgăraș Massif and the Bucegi Mountains, located in the eastern part of the Southern Carpathians (Romanian Carpathians). The present contribution aims to analyse the snow avalanche chronology using dendrogeomorphologic approach, to reconstruct temporal patterns of past snow avalanches (magnitude, return period, synchronicity), and to examine the relationships between winter types with major snow avalanche events. We performed a dendrogeomorphic analysis based on 182 Picea abies in Făgăraș Massif and 99 Picea abies 77 Larix decidua Mill in Bucegi Mountains. We sampled trees in three snow avalanche tracks in Făgăraș massif and in three snow avalanche tracks in Bucegi Mountains and obtained 392 and 352 samples, respectively. Our results from tree ring records yielded 19 and 17 snow avalanche winters in the 1968–2011 chronology and 94 snow avalanche winters in the 1852–2013 chronology in the Făgăraş Massif and 32 avalanche winters in the 1954–2011 chronology, 27 avalanche winters in the 1962–2012 chronology and 30 avalanche winters in the 1964–2011 chronology in Bucegi Mountains, respectively. We identified three avalanche types: small avalanches with Avalanche Activity Index (AAI) between 10 and 20 %, large avalanches with AAI between 21 and 30 % and very large avalanches with AAI > 31 %. We also obtained a similar return period ranging from 13 to 14.9 years in the Făgăraş Massif and from 13.1 to 15.2 years in the Bucegi Mountains. Eight avalanche events were synchronous in two or three stands in the Făgăraș Massif and five avalanche events in the Bucegi Mountains. To determine the relationship between snow avalanches and winter temperatures, we use the Winter Standardized Index (WSI) between 1979 and 2012 for the Bâlea Lac weather station in the Făgăraș Massif and between 1961 and 2011 for the Vf. Omu and Sinaia weather stations in Bucegi Mountains. We obtained a correlation between these parameters and our dendrogeomorphological results; the probability of major snow avalanche occurrence was highest during cold and normal winters in Făgăraș Massif and cold in Bucegi Mountains.

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  1. West University of Timișoara, V. Pârvan 4, 300223, Timișoara, Timiș, Romania

    Mircea Voiculescu

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  1. Geography, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania

    Maria Radoane

  2. Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest Faculty of Geography, Bucharest, Romania

    Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

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Voiculescu, M. (2017). Snow Avalanche Activity in Southern Carpathians (Romanian Carpathians). In: Radoane, M., Vespremeanu-Stroe, A. (eds) Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32589-7_31

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