Skip to main content

Social Security: Protection from Poverty in Old Age and Unemployment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 759 Accesses

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in American Economic History ((AEH))

Abstract

This chapter will look at two New Deal programs that used the tax system to fund unemployment insurance and old-age pensions as part of the SSA of 1935. The focus in the first part of this chapter will be on the views of the supporters of the SSA; the second part will deal with its critics. In both parts, the discussion will revolve around a living wage. It will also describe how unemployment insurance and old-age pensions were part of a consumerist New Deal program to increase purchasing power. Still, the relationship between social security and a living wage will be the main focus of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • American Federationist. 1935a. Economic security for the worker. American Federationist 42(March): 254–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, Barbara N. 1932. Insuring the essentials. Minimum wage plus social insurance—A living wage program. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakey, Roy G., and Gladys C. Blakey. 1939. Federal tax legislation, 1939. The American Economic Review 29(December): 695–707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortz, Abe. 2015. A brief history of social insurance. A training lecture for employees of the Social Security Administration developed in the early 1970s. http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/organizations/social-security-a-brief-history-of-social-insurance/. Accessed 18 Feb 2015.

  • Carlson, Allan. 1988. The family wage problem, 1750–1940. In The family wage: Work, gender and children in the modern economy, ed. Bryce Christensen, 9–32. Rockford: The Rockford Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Economic Security. 1937. Social security in America. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Economic Security Appendix. 2014. Members of the Committee, Advisory Boards and Committee Staff. http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ces6.html. Accessed 4 Sept 2014.

  • Domhoff, William G., and Michael Webber. 2011. Class and power in the new deal: Corporate moderates, Southern democrats and the liberal-labor coalition, Amazon Kindle edition. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, Paul H. 1936. The United States Social Security Act. The Economic Journal 46(March): 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, Paul H. 1939. Social security in the United States: An analysis and appraisal of the Federal Social Security Act, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, Abraham. 1938. Why cheer for social security? Nation’s Business 26(December): 15–16, 66–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, Richard V., George M. Hildebrand Jr., Arthur W. Stuart, Maxine Yaple Sweezy, Paul M. Sweezy, Lorrie Tarshis, and John D. Wilson. 1938. An economic program for American democracy. New York: The Vanguard Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, William. 1934b. Unemployment insurance. American Federationist 41(December): 1292–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, Abraham. 1963. The Townsend movement: A political study. New York: Bookman Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Hugh S. 1937. A Hokus-Pocus. Vital Speeches of the Day 4(December 1): 116–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, Bruce E. 2008. Managing the human factor: The early years of human resource management in American industry. Ithaca: ILR Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landon, Alfred M. 1936. I will not promise the moon. Vital Speeches of the Day 3(October 15): 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewisohn, Sam A. 1935a. New aspects of unemployment insurance. Political Science Quarterly 50(March): 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewisohn, Sam A. 1935b. Major issues in unemployment insurance. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 16(June): 67–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litchfield, P.W. 1936. The trend in industry. Vital Speeches of the Day 3(December 15): 146–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long Beach Press-Gazette. 1933. Old age revolving pensions: A proposed national plan ‘Youth for work age for leisure’. September 30. http://www.larrydewitt.org/SSinGAPE/oldage/townsend1.htm. Accessed 14 Nov 2015.

  • Nock, Albert J. 1936. The social security fad. The American Mercury 38(August): 483–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, Frances. 1935b. The Social Security Act. Vital Speeches of the Day 1(September 9): 792–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, Channing. 1936. The survival of the unfittest. The American Mercury 38(August): 385–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, Mary. 2006. The segregated origins of social security: African Americans and the welfare state. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1935a. Messages to the new Congress. Vital Speeches of the Day 1(January 14): 226–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1936b. Acceptance speech for the renomination for the Presidency, Philadelphia, PA. June 27. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15314. Accessed 23 Nov 2013.

  • Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1938c. Radio address on the Third Anniversary of the Social Security Act. August 15. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15523. Accessed 23 Nov 2013.

  • Ryan, John Augustine. 1906. A living wage: Its ethical and economic aspects. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, John Augustine. 1927. Letter to Abraham Epstein. January 7. Box 11. Folder 14. Abraham Epstein Folder. John A. Ryan Papers. Subseries 1.1, Correspondents by Name. The American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schieber, Sylvester J., and John B. Shoven. 1999. The real deal: The history and future of social security. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoup, Carl. 1939. Taxing for social security. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 202(March): 165–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Social Security Administration. 2014a. The Administration’s 1935 Economic Security Bill, HR 4120. January 17, 1935. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/fdrbill.pdf. Accessed 19 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014b. Report of the Committee on Economic Security & Professor Edwin Witte’s Testimony—PART 1. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/hr35report1.pdf. Accessed 19 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014c. Perkins, Hon. Frances, Secretary of Labor—Part 1. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/hr35perkins1.pdf. Accessed 19 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014d. Green, William, president American Federation of Labor. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/hr35afl.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014e. House debates on social security. http://www.ssa.gov/history/senate35.html. Accessed 21 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014f. House debate. April 16, 1935. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/h416.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014g. William Green president of the American Federation of Labor. http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/35senate.html. Accessed 20 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014h. Browder, Earl, New York City, representing the Communist Party. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/s35browder.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014i. Senate debate June 15, 1935. http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/senate3.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2014.

  • Social Security Administration. 2014j. 1935 congressional debates on social security. http://www.ssa.gov/history/tally.html. Accessed 21 Nov 2014.

  • Stewart, Maxwell S. 1935a. Security versus mathematics. The Nation 140 (January 16): 67–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, Maxwell S. 1935b. Congress discovers the class struggle. The Nation 140(February 27): 247–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Story, H.W. 1934. Sound unemployment protection. Nation’s Business 22(October): 15–20, 60–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Supreme Court. 1937c. Charles C. Steward Machine Company v. Harwell G. Davis, May 24. H. Arthur Steiner, ed., Significant Supreme Court decisions: 1934–1937, 2nd ed., 65–71. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Supreme Court. 1937d. Guy T. Haverling v. George P. Davis, May 24. H. Arthur Steiner, ed., Significant Supreme Court decisions: 1934–1937, 2nd ed., 72–75. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Nation. 1935. Where is Security, Mr. Roosevelt? The Nation 139(January 30): 116.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Nation. 1936. Mr. Landon’s ethics. The Nation 140(October 10): 404–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • The New Republic. 1935b. How much social security? The New Republic (July 3): 209–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • The New Republic. 1935c. A Judas Kiss for social security. The New Republic (October 14): 268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, Francis. 1933. Prosperity for all. Long Beach Press-Gazette, September 30. http://www.larrydewitt.org/SSinGAPE/oldage/townsend1.htm. Accessed 14 Nov 2015.

  • Wagner, Robert F. 1935b. Toward security. Forum and Century 93(May): 294–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers, William. 1939. Financing economic security in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witte, Edwin E. 1937. Old age security in the Social Security Act. The Journal of Political Economy 45(February): 1–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stabile, D. (2016). Social Security: Protection from Poverty in Old Age and Unemployment. In: The Political Economy of a Living Wage. Palgrave Studies in American Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32473-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32473-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32472-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32473-9

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics