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Plant Molecular Adaptations and Strategies Under Drought Stress

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Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2

Abstract

Climate change is a major global concern that can make agriculture even more risk prone, especially in the developing world. The water deficit of soil causes environmental problems, limiting plant survival, growth, and productivity. However, some plants can use certain strategies to resist drought stresses. Adaptations to drought involve metabolic and morphological alterations to prevent injury to plants. Underlying these several kinds of alterations are molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in the various adaptive processes. Drought tolerance has been achieved using genetic engineering strategies to improve water-use efficiency of plants, cell protection mechanisms against ROS, and hormonal balance to alter the growth and development in order to avoid drought and change the expression of drought-induced transcription factors that act as master switches in regulating a large number of downstream drought-response genes. Various genes are induced in response to drought at the transcriptional level, and these gene products have main roles in tolerance to drought. Understanding the molecular mechanisms in drought response is important for improvement of drought tolerance using molecular techniques. Some of the genes that will probably upregulated under drought stress conditions include the genes involved in osmolyte synthesis, genes coding for LEA proteins, aquaporins, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. Studies of contrasting crop genotypes or genetic engineering of crops help in differentiating responses to drought from those leading to drought tolerance. The specific importance to crop plants is not whether they survive stress, but whether they show significant yields under stress conditions.

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas do Pará (FAPESPA), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônica (UFRA), Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA), and Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil

    Sávio Pinho dos Reis, Deyvid Novaes Marques, Aline Medeiros Lima & Cláudia Regina Batista de Souza

  2. Universidade do Estado do Pará, Marabá, PA, 68503-120, Brazil

    Sávio Pinho dos Reis

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil

    Deyvid Novaes Marques

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil

    Aline Medeiros Lima

Authors
  1. Sávio Pinho dos Reis
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  2. Deyvid Novaes Marques
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  3. Aline Medeiros Lima
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  4. Cláudia Regina Batista de Souza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cláudia Regina Batista de Souza .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

  2. Plant Breeding & Genetics, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Botany, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India

    Soumen Bhattacharjee

  4. Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    David J Burritt

  5. Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Sc, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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dos Reis, S.P., Marques, D.N., Lima, A.M., de Souza, C.R.B. (2016). Plant Molecular Adaptations and Strategies Under Drought Stress. In: Hossain, M., Wani, S., Bhattacharjee, S., Burritt, D., Tran, LS. (eds) Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32423-4_4

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