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Genetics of Sugar and Starch Metabolism

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The Kiwifruit Genome

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

Carbohydrate composition varies between different fruiting species and is the balance between the carbon supply to the fruit and its storage via a cascade of biochemical reactions. In kiwifruit, a starch-storing fruit, soluble solids content (SSC) during fruit development is determined by both the partitioning of carbohydrates into soluble and insoluble components, and the conversion of starch to sugars. The seasonal patterns of carbohydrate concentrations show great dissimilarities in Actinidia depending on species and tissue. However, ripe fruits of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis and Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa contain glucose and fructose as the predominant soluble sugars and sucrose in smaller amounts, while Actinidia arguta differs significantly, as its fruit contain mainly sucrose and great quantities of myo-inositol during the early phases of sugar accumulation. Here, we report an overview of the recent developments in the study of pathways controlling carbohydrate metabolism in kiwifruit, specifically focusing on the genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and the degradative enzymes, such as sucrose synthase (SUS), invertases, and amylases. A brief outline of sugar transport and signaling has also been presented, helping to indicate the complexity of the genetic variation that underpins kiwifruit compositional differences. The availability of the Actinidia genome sequence represents an important starting point for the identification and characterization of new genes, providing a valuable tool for genetic improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Giannina Vizzotto & Rachele Falchi

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  1. Giannina Vizzotto
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  2. Rachele Falchi
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Correspondence to Giannina Vizzotto .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Raffaele Testolin

  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China

    Hong-Wen Huang

  3. for Plant & Food Research, The New Zealand Institute, Auckland, New Zealand

    Allan Ross Ferguson

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Vizzotto, G., Falchi, R. (2016). Genetics of Sugar and Starch Metabolism. In: Testolin, R., Huang, HW., Ferguson, A. (eds) The Kiwifruit Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32274-2_15

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