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Stem Cells

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Management of Fecal Incontinence

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Abstract

Stem cells are unspecialized cells having two key properties, the capacity of self-renewal and the ability of generating differentiated cells. Based on the different development phases of an organism, different stem cell types can be isolated. Among these, multipotent adult stem cells are committed cells able of differentiating into all mature cell lineages typical of the organ tissues in which they reside. The multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cells, are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and cell-based therapies since their use in clinical applications does not imply neither ethical problems nor teratoma risk formation. Bone marrow has been the main source of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), even with the highly invasive isolation procedures and the low cell quantity obtained. Therefore, the identification of an alternative source of hMSCs has been an important issue, and in this context, the adipose and neonatal tissues, including placenta, are a promising choice for their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-regenerative characteristics. Placental and adipose-derived hMSCs could be a good option in severe muscle injury and particularly for sphincter incontinence regeneration. In this context, Lipogems®, rich in hMSCs from autologous lipoaspirated fat, is obtained in a closed disposable device system without using enzymes, additives, or other manipulations. Recently, the Lipogems® technique was used successfully to treat patients with fecal incontinence, according to the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the ethics committee. This safe and well-tolerated procedure did not have adverse events on the patients and improved their contractile activity of the anal sphincters and anocutaneous reflex.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy

    Mario Ledda & Antonella Lisi

  2. Department of General Surgery, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Alberto Giori

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  1. Mario Ledda
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  2. Antonella Lisi
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Correspondence to Antonella Lisi or Antonella Lisi .

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  1. Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Mongardini

  2. Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Manuel Giofrè

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Ledda, M., Lisi, A., Giori, A. (2016). Stem Cells. In: Mongardini, M., Giofrè, M. (eds) Management of Fecal Incontinence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32226-1_14

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