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Contact Allergy in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment

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Practical Pediatric Dermatology

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Abstract

Sensitization to contact allergens can develop already at an early age. Neither sex nor the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis appeared to influence the risk of ACD in children. ACD in children is not rare and should always be considered in children with recalcitrant eczema. Atopic dermatitis, skin barrier defects and intense or repetitive contact with allergens may play a role in the onset of early sensitization.

A diagnosis of contact dermatitis is based on clinical examination and patch testing, requiring careful evaluation of a patient’s clinical history, physical examination and various types of skin testing (patch testing, photopatch testing, repeated open application test (ROAT)).

It is important to test strictly based on the indication, using a standardized procedure, keeping in mind the limited surface available in children and the (low) potential risk of active sensitization. After reading the tests, patients require a clear explanation on positive tested allergens, where the allergen is likely to be encountered and, last but not least, the relevance of any positive test. Preventive strategies should be developed and optimized if new information becomes available, to reduce the incidence of ACD in children.

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  1. Department of Dermatology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam/Schiedam, The Netherlands

    Flora B. de Waard-van der Spek MD, PhD

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  1. Flora B. de Waard-van der Spek MD, PhD
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  1. Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Arnold P. Oranje

  2. Farwaniya, Kuwait

    Nawaf Al-Mutairi

  3. Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Tor Shwayder

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de Waard-van der Spek, F.B. (2016). Contact Allergy in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment. In: Oranje, A., Al-Mutairi, N., Shwayder, T. (eds) Practical Pediatric Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32159-2_3

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