Abstract
We revisit the baseline model of biological invasion consisting of a single partial differential equation of reaction–diffusion type. In spite of being one of the oldest models of biological invasion, it remains a valid and useful tool for understanding the spatiotemporal population dynamics of invasive species. We first apply this model to alien species establishment and show how to decide whether an initial population distribution results in extinction or survival. We then use the model to reveal the properties characterizing invasive species spread.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andow, D.A., Kareiva, P.M., Levin, S.A., Okubo, A.: Spread of invading organisms. Landsc. Ecol. 4(2–3), 177–188 (1990). doi:10.1007/ bf00132860
Aronson, D.G., Weinberger, H.F.: Nonlinear diffusion in population genetics, combustion, and nerve pulse propagation. In: Goldstein, J.A. (ed.) Partial Differential Equations and Related Topics, pp. 5–49. Springer, New York (1975)
Aronson, D.G., Weinberger, H.F.: Multidimensional nonlinear diffusion arising in population genetics. Adv. Math. 30, 33–76 (1978)
Brauer, F., Soudack, A.C.: Response of predator–prey systems to nutrient enrichment and proportional harvesting. Int. J. Control 27(1), 65–86 (1978)
Britton, N.F.: Reaction–Diffusion Equations and Their Applications to Biology. Academic, London (1986)
Crank, J.: The Mathematics of Diffusion. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1975)
Dennis, B.: Allee effects: population growth, critical density, and the chance of extinction. Nat. Resour. Model. 3(4), 481–538 (1989)
Elton, C.S.: The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. Methuen, London (1958)
Fife, P.: Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems. Springer, New York (1979)
Fisher, R.A.: The wave of advance of advantageous genes. Ann. Eugen. 7, 355–369 (1937)
Grindrod, P.: The Theory and Applications of Reaction–Diffusion Equations: Patterns and Waves. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996)
Haberman, R.: Applied Partial Differential Equations: With Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, 5th edn. Pearson, Boston (2012)
Hadeler, K.P., Lewis, M.A.: Spatial dynamics of the diffusive logistic equation with a sedentary compartment. Can. Appl. Math. Q. 10(4), 473–499 (2002)
Hadeler, K.P., Rothe, F.: Travelling fronts in nonlinear diffusion equations. J. Math. Biol. 2, 251–263 (1975). doi:10.1007/bf00277154
Holmes, E.E., Lewis, M.A., Banks, J.E., Veit, R.R.: Partial differential equations in ecology: spatial interactions and population dynamics. Ecology 75, 17–29 (1994)
Kanel, I.Y.: Stabilization of the solutions of the equations of combustion theory with finite initial functions. Matematicheskii Sbornik 65(107)(3), 398–413 (1964)
Kay, A.L., Sherratt, J.A., McLeod, J.B.: Comparison theorems and variable speed waves for a scalar reaction–diffusion equation. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. A 131, 1133–1161 (2001). doi:10.1017/s030821050000130x
Keener, J.P.: A geometrical theory for spiral waves in excitable media. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 46, 1039–1056 (1986). doi:10.1137/0146062
Kierstead, H., Slobodkin, L.B.: The size of water masses containing plankton blooms. J. Mar. Res. 12 (1953)
Kolmogorov, A.N., Petrovskii, I.G., Piskunov, N.S.: A study of the diffusion equation with increase in the quantity of matter, and its application to a biological problem. Bull. Moscow Univ. Math. Ser. A 1, 1–25 (1937)
Kolmogorov, A.N., Petrovskii, I.G., Piskunov, N.S.: A study of the diffusion equation with increase in the amount of substance, and its application to a biological problem. In: Tikhomirov, V.M. (ed.) Selected Works of A. N. Kolmogorov, pp. 242–270. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Lande, R.: Risks of population extinction from demographic and environmental stochasticity and random catastrophes. Am. Nat. 142(6), 911–927 (1993). doi:10.1086/285580
Larson, D.A.: Transient bounds and time-asymptotic behavior of solutions to nonlinear equations of Fisher type. J. Appl. Math. 34(1), 93–103 (1978). doi:10.1137/0134008
Legović, T.: A recent increase in jellyfish populations: a predator–prey model and its implications. Ecol. Model. 38, 243–256 (1987). doi:10. 1016/0304-3800(87)90099-8
Lewis, M.A., Kareiva, P.: Allee dynamics and the spread of invading organisms. Theor. Popul. Biol. 43(2), 141–158 (1993). doi:10.1006/tpbi. 1993.1007
Lewis, M.A., Schmitz, G.: Biological invasion of an organism with separate mobile and stationary states: modeling and analysis. Forma 11, 1–25 (1996)
Lubina, J.A., Levin, S.A.: The spread of a reinvading species: range expansion in the California sea otter. Am. Nat. 131(4), 526–543 (1988). doi:10.1086/284804
Ludwig, D., Aronson, D.G., Weinberger, H.F.: Spatial patterning of the spruce budworm. J. Math. Biol. 8, 217–258 (1979)
Malchow, H., Petrovskii, S.V., Venturino, E.: Spatiotemporal Patterns in Ecology and Epidemiology: Theory, Models, and Simulation. Mathematical and Computational Biology Series. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton (2008)
McKean, H.P.: Application of Brownian motion to the equation of Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 28, 323–331 (1975). doi:10.1002/cpa.3160280302
Mollison, D.: Modelling biological invasions: chance, explanation, prediction. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 314, 675–693 (1986)
Mollison, D.: Dependence of epidemic and population velocities on basic parameters. Math. Biosci. 107(2), 255–287 (1991). doi:10.1016/ 0025-5564(91)90009-8
Murray, J.D.: Mathematical Biology. Springer, Berlin (1989)
Neubert, M.G., Parker, I.M.: Projecting rates of spread for invasive species. Risk Anal. 24(4), 817–831 (2004). doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332. 2004.00481.x
Petrovskii, S., Shigesada, N.: Some exact solutions of a generalized Fisher equation related to the problem of biological invasion. Math. Biosci. 172, 73–94 (2001). doi:10.1016/s0025-5564(01)00068-2
Petrovskii, S., Li, B.L., Malchow, H.: Transition to spatiotemporal chaos can resolve the paradox of enrichment. Ecol. Complex. 1, 37–47 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2003.10.001
Petrovskii, S.V.: Critical nucleation parameters in an active bistable medium. Tech. Phys. 39, 747–749 (1994)
Petrovskii, S.V., Li, B.L.: Exactly Solvable Models of Biological Invasion. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2006)
Protter, M.H., Weinberger, H.F.: Maximum Principles in Differential Equations. Springer, New York (1984)
Renshaw, E.: Modelling Biological Populations in Space and Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)
Rothe, F.: Convergence to travelling fronts in semilinear parabolic equations. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. A 80, 213–234 (1978)
Rothe, F.: Convergence to pushed fronts. Rocky Mt. J. Math. 11(4), 617–633 (1981)
Sherratt, J.A., Marchant, B.P.: Algebraic decay and variable speeds in wavefront solutions of a scalar reaction–diffusion equation. IMA J. Appl. Math. 56, 289–302 (1996). doi:10.1093/imamat/56.2.289
Shigesada, N., Kawasaki, K.: Biological Invasions: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997)
Shigesada, N., Kawasaki, K., Teramoto, E.: Traveling periodic waves in heterogeneous environments. Theor. Popul. Biol. 30(1), 143–160 (1986). doi:10.1016/0040-5809(86)90029-8
Skellam, J.G.: Random dispersal in theoretical populations. Biometrika 38(1–2), 196–218 (1951). doi:10.2307/2332328
Tikhonov, A.N., Samarskii, A.A.: Equations of Mathematical Physics. Dover, New York (1990)
Volpert, A.I., Hudjaev, S.I.: Analysis in Classes of Discontinuous Functions and Equations of Mathematical Physics. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1985)
Volpert, V., Petrovskii, S.: Reaction–diffusion waves in biology. Phys. Life Rev. 6, 267–310 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2009.10.002
Volpert, A.I., Volpert, V.A., Volpert, V.A.: Traveling Wave Solutions of Parabolic Systems. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1994)
Wang, Q.R., Zhao, X.Q.: Spreading speed and traveling waves for the diffusive logistic equation with a sedentary compartment. Dyn. Continuous Discrete Impulsive Syst. A 13(2), 231–246 (2006)
Wilson, W.G.: Resolving discrepancies between deterministic population models and individual-based simulations. Am. Nat. 151, 116–134 (1998). doi:10.1086/286106
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lewis, M.A., Petrovskii, S.V., Potts, J.R. (2016). Reaction–Diffusion Models: Single Species. In: The Mathematics Behind Biological Invasions. Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32043-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32043-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32042-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32043-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)