Abstract
Thermal injury alone can be a devastating event with long-standing effects on wound healing. The presence of vascular disease severely complicates this already difficult clinical situation. Vascular disease, as manifested by arterial and venous insufficiency, is increasing in its prevalence and incidence. This chapter will focus on the known physiological changes in response to thermal injury in particular of the lower extremity arterial system. Initial evaluation and subsequent treatments for the patient with suspected vascular disease in the setting of thermal injury is detailed. The current state of the literature will be reviewed in regard to what is known about the alteration in vascular bed response to a thermal injury as well as the known complications of thermal injury in diabetic patients. A proposed algorithm will be detailed in terms of appropriate perfusion assessment and when a vascular consultant should be involved in the care of a thermally injured patient. Finally, a clinical case example with approach to this patient population will be detailed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Kramer G. Pathophysiology of burn shock and burn edema. In: Herdon D, editor. Total burn. 4th ed. London: Saunders Publishers; 2012.
Baxter CR. Fluid volume and electrolyte changes of the early postburn period. Clin Plast Surg. 1974;1(4):693–703.
Unger A, Haynes BW. Hemodynamic studies in severely burned patients. Surg Forum. 1960;10:356–61.
Wilmore D, Mason A, Johnson D, Pruitt B. Effect of ambient temperature on heat production and heat loss in burn patients. J Appl Physiol. 1975;38(4):593–7.
Aulick LH, Wilmore DW, Mason AD, Pruitt BA. Influence of the burn wound on peripheral circulation in thermally injured patients. Am J Physiol. 1977;233(4):H520–6.
Order SE, Moncrief JA. The burn wound. Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1965.
Aulick HL, Wilmore DW, Mason AD, Pruitt BA. Muscle blood flow following thermal injury. Ann Surg. 1978;188(6):778–82.
Levin ME. Pathogenesis and management of diabetic foot lesions. In: Levin ME, O’Neal LW, editors. The diabetic foot. 5th ed. St Louis: C.V. Mosby Co.; 1988.
Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, Gu Q, Eberhardt M, Wolz M. Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population >=40 years of age with and without diabetes: 1999–2000 national health and nutrition examination survey. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(7):1591–7.
Kimball Z, Patil S, Mansour H, Marano MA, Petrone SJ, Chamberlain RS. Clinical outcomes of isolated lower extremity or foot burns in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients: a 10-year retrospective analysis. Burns. 2013;39(2):279–84.
Balakrishnan C, Rak T, Meininger M. Burns of the neuropathic foot following use of therapeutic footbaths. Burns. 1995;21(8):622–3.
Barsun A, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. A ten-year review of Lower extremity burns in diabetics: small burns that lead to major problems. J Burn Care Res. 2013;34(2):255–60.
Le B, Feldman M. Diabetic foot burns. Presented at the American College of Surgeons meeting in Chicago, IL, October 2, 2012.
Baux S. Contribution a l’Etude du traitement local des brulures thermigues etendues. Paris: These; 1961.
Osler T, Glance LG, Hosmer DW. Simplified estimates of the probability of death after burn injuries: extending and updating the baux score. J Trauma. 2010;68(3):690–7.
Edwards J. Upper extremity arterial disease: general considerations. In: Cronenwett J, Johnston K, editors. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery, 7th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders Elsevier; 2010.
White J. Lower extremity arterial disease: general considerations. In: Cronenwett J, Johnston K, editors. Rutherford’s vascular surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2010.
Yao J. Hemodynamic studies in peripheral arterial disease. Br J Surg. 1970;57(10):761–6.
Bishara R, Taha W, Alfarouk M, Abdel Aal K, Wasfy S. Duplex detected ankle peak systolic velocity: a new parameter for the assessment of degree of peripheral ischemia. Int Angiol. 2004;23(4):368–72.
Bishara R, Taha W, Akladious I, Allam M. Ankle peak systolic velocity: new parameter to predict nonhealing in diabetic foot lesions. Vascular. 2009;17(5):264–8.
Taheri H, Amendola M, Pfeifer J, Albuquerque F, Levy M. Does peak ankle velocity (PAV) accurately reflect lower extremity arterial perfusion as assessed by ABI? J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(4):1154–5. Published abstract.
Lees T, Lambert D. Patterns of venous reflux in limbs with skin changes associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Br J Surg. 1993;80(6):725–8.
Marston W. Wound healing. In: Cronenwett J, Johnston K, editors. Rutherford’s vascular surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2010.
Zhang J, Curran T, McCallum J, Wang L, Wyers M, Hamdan A. Risk factors for readmission after lower extremity bypass in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(5):1331–9.
Barwell J, Davies C, Deacon J, Harvey K, Minor J, Sassano A. Comparison of surgery and compression with compression alone in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9424):1854–9.
Gibran N, Heimbach H, Nicholis S. Iliofemoral venous thrombosis following fascial excision of a deep burn of the lower extremity: case report. J Trauma. 1992;33(6):912–3.
Nicolaides A, Hull R, Fareed J, Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust; European Venous Forum; North American Thrombosis Forum; International Union of Angiology and Union Internationale du Phlebologie. Burns. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2013;19(2):161.
Summaria L, Caprini J, McMillan R, Sandesara J, Axelrod C, Mueller M. Relationship between postsurgical fibrinolytic parameters and deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients treated with compression devices. Am Surg. 1988;54(3):156–60.
Chouhan V, Comerota A, Sun L, Harada R, Gaughan J, Rao A. Inhibition of tissue factor pathway during intermittent pneumatic compression: a possible mechanism for antithrombotic effect. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19(11):2812–7.
Hobson KG, Young KM, Ciraulo A, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. Release of abdominal compartment syndrome improves survival in patients with burn injury. J Trauma. 2002;53(6):1129–33.
Whitesides TE, Heckman MM. Acute compartment syndrome: update on diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1996;4(4):209–18.
Chapleau W, Al-khatib J, Haskin D, LeBlanc P, Cardenas G, Borum S, Torres N, Abi Saad G, Al Ghanimi O, Al-Harthy A, Al Turki S, Ali J, Allerton D, Androulakis JA, Arca MJ, Armstrong JH, Atkinson JL, Ayyaz M, Baker A, Blake DP, Sallee R, Scruggs F, Bowyer MW, Brandt MM, Branicki FJ, Brasel K, Brighton G, Brown J, Bruna L, Burton RA, Bustraan J, Cabading V, Carvajal Hafemann C, Castagneto GH, Castro CL, Chaudhry Z, Chehardy P, Chennault RS, Chua WC, Chrysos E, Coimbra R, Collet e Silva F, Cooper A, Cortes Ojeda J, Cothren Burlew C, Chetty D, Davis KA, Domingues Cde A, di Silvio-lopez M, Doucet JJ, du Plessis HJ, Dunn JA, Dyson R, Dason M, Eastman AB, Elkholy AT, Falck larsen C, Fernandez FA, Foianini E, Foerster J, Frankel H, Gautam SC, Gomez GA, Gomez Fernandez AH, Guillamondegui OD, Guzman Cottallat EA, Hancock BJ, Henn R, Henny W, Henry SM, Herrera-Fernandez G, Hollands M, Horbowyj R, Hults CM, Jawa RS, Jover Navalon JM, Jurkovich GJ, Kaufmann CR, Knudson P, Kortbeek JB, Kosir R, Kuncir EJ, Ladner R, Lo CJ, Logsetty S, Lui KK, Lum SK, Lundy DW, Machado F, Mao P, Masood Gondal K, Maxson RT, Mcintyre C, Michael DB, Misra MC, Moore FO, Mori ND, Morrow CE Jr, Murphy SG, Nagy KK, Nicolau N, Oh HB, Omari OA, Ong HS, Olivero G, Pak-art R, Parry NG, Patel BR, Paul JS, Pereira PM, Poggetti RS, Poole A, Recalde Hidrobo M, Price RR, Primeau S, Quintana C, Razek TS, Roden R, Roed J, Romero M, Rotondo MF, Sabahi M, Schaapveld N, Schipper IB, Schoettker P, Schreiber MA, Serafico EC, Serrano JC, Siegel B, Siritongtaworn P, Skaff D, Smith RS, Sorvari A, Sutter PM, Sutyak J, Svendsen LB, Taha WS, Tchorz K, Lee Wt, Tisminetzky G, Trostchansky Jl, Truskett P, Upperman J, van den Ende Y, Vennike A, Vikström T, Voiglio E, Weireter LJ Jr, Wetjen NM, Wigle RL, Wilkinson S, Winchell RJ, Winter R, Yelon JA, Zarour AM. Thermal injuries. In: ATLS: advanced trauma life support for doctors (student course manual). 9th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons; 2012. Chapter 9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Feldman, M.J., Amendola, M.F. (2017). Vascular Issues in Thermal Injury. In: Dieter, R., Dieter, Jr, R., Dieter, III, R., Nanjundappa, A. (eds) Critical Limb Ischemia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31991-9_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31991-9_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31989-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31991-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)