Abstract
While it is crucial to recognize that atherosclerosis is the most common etiology for lower extremity ischemia, it is important to know the non-atherosclerotic causes of limb ischemia. Since these pathologies are not as prevalent as atherosclerosis, knowledge about these entities helps make a broad differential diagnosis at the initial clinical evaluation. This chapter includes the following non-atherosclerotic cause of limb ischemia: vasculitis, Takayasu’s arteritis, femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms, external iliac artery endofibrosis, cystic adventitial disease, popliteal artery entrapment, persistent sciatic artery, mid-aortic syndrome, thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease), Raynaud’s syndrome, calciphylaxis, warfarin-induced skin necrosis, heparin-induced skin necrosis, atheroembolic episodes, radiation, brown recluse spider bite, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, ergot derivatives, and neurogenic claudication.
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Clark, S.E., Aziz, F. (2017). Differential Diagnosis for Lower Extremity Ischemia and Ulcerations: Focus on Non-atherosclerotic Etiologies. In: Dieter, R., Dieter, Jr, R., Dieter, III, R., Nanjundappa, A. (eds) Critical Limb Ischemia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31991-9_11
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