Abstract
This paper examines the theoretical considerations of pedagogy, educational and instructional design in building a language education program, through flexible mode content delivery and online teaching. The concept of training teachers online is still controversial and this paper addresses some of the concerns raised in the professional literature. The aim of the paper is to present a theoretical framework developed for an online Master of Arts in TESOL program at Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. The framework adopted for the project incorporates a range of approaches to learning and teaching, and it addresses the ongoing debate of the place of teacher-centered and learner-centered approaches within education. The research methodology adopted for the design of the project is the iterative version of the ADDIE, a model of instructional design. The paper uses quantitative and qualitative data to support the theoretical underpinnings, and it presents examples of flexible learning resources, designed and developed for the Master of Arts in TESOL program. The theoretical approach and the teaching practices proposed in this project contribute an effective research-based framework for teaching in a virtual environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aydin, B. (2008). An e-class application in a Distance English Language Teacher Training program (DELTT): Turkish learners’ perceptions. Interactive Learning Environments, 16, 157–168. doi:10.1080/10494820701343900
Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. In ASEE National Conference Proceedings. Atlanta, GA. http://www.studiesuccesho.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/flipped-classroom-artikel.pdf
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Company.
Bower, M., Kennedy, G., Dalgarno, B., Lee, M. J. W., Kenney, J., & de Barba, P. (2012). Use of media-rich real-time collaboration tools for learning and teaching in Australian and New Zealand universities. Ascilite, November. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/201641
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Kinshuk, & Chen, N. (2014). Is FLIP enough? or should we use the FLIPPED model instead? Computers & Education, 79, 16–27. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.004
Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychology Review, 102, 211–245.
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Guo, P., Kim, J., & Rubin, R. (2014). How video production affects student engagement: An empirical study of MOOC videos. In Proceedings of L@S ‘14: The First ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, New York, NY, USA. doi:10.1145/2556325.2566239
Harmer, J. (2012). Essential teacher knowledge. London: Pearson.
Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English. London: Pearson.
Hattie, J., & Yates, G. C. (2013). Visible learning and the science of how we learn. Florence, KY, USA: Taylor and Francis. http://www.ebrary.com
Hrastinski, S. (2008). Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 4, 51–55.
Huang, X., & Hsiao, E. (2012). Synchronous and asynchronous communication in an online environment. Faculty experiences and perceptions. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 13, 15–30.
Kaltura Report. (2015). The state of video in education. Kaltura, Inc, 2015. http://site.kaltura.com/Education_Survey.html
Kapur, M. (2008). Productive failure. Cognition and Instruction, 26, 379–424.
Kapur, M., & Bielaczyc, K. (2011). Designing for productive failure. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 21(1), 45–83. doi:10.1080/10508406.2011.591717
Kapur, M., Hung, D., Jacobson, M., Voiklis, J., Kinzer, C., & Chen Der-Thanq, V. (2007). Emergence of learning in computer-supported, large-scale collective dynamics: A research agenda. In C. A. Clark, G. Erkens, & S. Puntambekar (Eds.), Proceedings of the international conference of computer-supported collaborative learning (pp. 323–332). Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Kapur, M., & Kinzer, C. K. (2009). Productive failure in CSCL groups. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 4, 21–46.
Kearsley, G. (1999). Online education: Learning and teaching in cyberspace. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. https://teach.ucf.edu/pedagogy/design-of-an-online-course/
Keppell, M., Suddaby, G., & Hard, N. (2011). Good practice report: Technology-enhanced learning and teaching. Sydney: Australian Learning and Teaching Council. http://www.olt.gov.au/resource-good-practice-report-technology-enhanced-learning-and-teaching-2011
Kim, J., Guo, J., Cai, C., Li, S-W., Gajos, K., & Miller, R. (2014). Data-driven interaction techniques for improving navigation of educational videos. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 563–572). New York, NY: ACM.
Kirschner, P., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why unguided learning does not work: An analysis of the failure of discovery learning, problem-based learning, experiential learning and inquiry-based learning. Educational Psychologist, 41, 75–86.
Klahr, D., & Nigam, M. (2004). The equivalence of learning paths in early science instruction effects of direct instruction and discovery learning. Psychological Science, 15, 661–667.
Klionsky, D. J. (2005). Points of view: Lectures: Can’t learn with them, can’t learn without them: Talking biology: Learning outside the book—and the Lecture. Cell Biology Education, 3, 204–211.
Knight, J. K., & Wood, W. B. (2005). Teaching more by lecturing less. Cell Biology Education, 4, 298–310.
Koedinger, K. R., & Aleven, V. (2007). Exploring the assistance dilemma in experiments with cognitive tutors. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 239–264.
Lawson, A. E., Abraham, M. R., & Renner, J. W. (1989). A theory of instruction: Using the learning cycle to teach science concepts and thinking skills. Kansas State University, Manhattan, Ks: National Association for Research in Science Teaching.
Liddicoat, A. J. (2013). Language-in-education policies: The discursive construction of intercultural relations. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Liddicoat, A. J., & Scarino, A. (2013). Intercultural language teaching and learning. New York: Wiley and Sons.
Malczewska-Webb, B. (2014). Cultural and intercultural awareness of international students at an Australian university. In A. Łyda & K. Szcześniak (Eds.), Awareness in action: The role of consciousness in language acquisition (pp. 225–239). Berlin: Springer International Publishing.
Malczewska-Webb, B., & Vallero, A. (2014). Material culture in virtual classrooms: Student preferred resources in blended and online programs. Paper presented to ICFSLA Conference, Szczyrk, Poland, May, 2014.
Malczewska-Webb, B., King, C., Vallero, A., & Hunter, S. (2015). Developing resources for flexible learning. Paper presented at Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia, 29 September, 2015.
Martin, F., & Parker, A. (2015). Use of synchronous virtual classrooms: Why, who, and how? MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 10, 192–210.
Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. London: Harper and Row Publishers Inc.
Mayer, R. E. (2004). Should there be a three-strikes rule against pure discovery learning? American Psychologist, 59, 14.
McCain, T. (2015). Teaching with the future in mind. Paper presented at the EduTECH® Conference: Brisbane, May. 2015.
Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42, 34–36.
Ninoriya, S., Chawan, P. M., & Meshram, B. B. (2011). CMS, LMS and LCMS for e-learning. International Journal of Computer Science, 8, 644–647.
Oncu, S., & Cakir, H. (2011). Research in online learning environments: Priorities and methodologies. Computer & Education, 57, 1098–1108.
Overall, L. (2007). Supporting children’s learning: A guide for teaching assistants. London: GBR: SAGE Publications Inc., (US). http://www.ebrary.com
Piaget, J. (1967). Six psychological studies. (D. Elkind, Ed., and A. Tenzer, Trans.). New York: Random House.
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.
Reiser, B. J., & Tabak, I. (2014). Scaffolding. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences (2nd ed., pp. 44–62). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rogers, C. R. (1969). Freedom to learn: A view of what education might become. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill.
Schwartz, D. L., & Bransford, J. D. (1998). A time for telling. Cognition and Instruction, 16, 475–5223.
Schwartz, D. L., & Martin, T. (2004). Inventing to prepare for future learning: The hidden efficiency of encouraging original student production in statistics instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 22, 129–184.
Stahl, G. (2006). Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Strayer, J. F. (2008). The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: A comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Ohio State University. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/Strayer%20
Sweller, J. (2003). Evolution of human cognitive architecture. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 43, 216–266.
Tonsmann, G. (2014). A study of the effectiveness of Blackboard Collaborate for conducting synchronous courses at multiple locations. InSight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching, 9, 54–63.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Willis, J. (1996). A framework for task-based learning. Harlow: Longman.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malczewska-Webb, B., Vallero, A., King, C.P., Hunter, S. (2016). Breaking Down the Barriers of Online Teaching: Training TESOL Teachers in a Virtual Environment. In: Gałajda, D., Zakrajewski, P., Pawlak, M. (eds) Researching Second Language Learning and Teaching from a Psycholinguistic Perspective. Second Language Learning and Teaching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31954-4_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31954-4_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31953-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31954-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)